Private schools , also known to many as independent schools, private schools, private schools, or non-state schools, are not managed by local, state or national governments; Parents of children who go to private schools choose to have their children in schools where children are selected based on their family income, religious background, or just based on their academics. Private schools retain the right to choose their students and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition fees, rather than relying on mandatory taxes through public (government) funds; in some private schools students may be able to get a scholarship, lower this tuition, depending on the student's talent or ability (eg sports scholarships, art scholarships, academic scholarships), the need for financial assistance, or a possible tax credit scholarship. There are many types of private schools out there such as, Jewish schools, and Catholic schools, etc.
Video Private school
Type of private school
In the UK and other Commonwealth countries including Australia and Canada, the use of the term is generally limited to the level of primary and secondary education; almost never used universities and other tertiary institutions. Private education in North America covers all educational activities, from pre-school to college. The annual tuition fees at K-12 schools range from nothing called 'free tuition' schools to more than $ 45,000 in some New England prep school.
The intermediate level includes schools offering years 7 to 12 (twelve years known as the sixth lower) and the 13th year (top six). This category includes a university prep school or "prep school", a boarding school and a noon school. Tuition at a private high school varies from school to school and depends on many factors, including the location of the school, parents' willingness to pay, tuition and school financial funds. High tuition fees, school claims, are used to pay higher salaries for the best teachers and are also used to provide enriched learning environments, including low student-to-teacher ratios, size and small class services, such as libraries, science laboratories and computer. Some private schools are pesantren and many military colleges are privately owned or operated as well.
Religious and denominational schools form a private school subcategory. Some such schools teach religious education, along with ordinary academic subjects to impress their particular beliefs and faith traditions on the students present. Others use denominations as more than common labels to describe on what the founders are based on their beliefs, while still maintaining a good distinction between academia and religion. They include parochial schools, a term often used to denote the Roman Catholic school. Other religious groups represented in the K-12 private education sector include Protestant, Jewish, Muslim and Orthodox Christians.
Many educational alternatives, such as independent schools, are also financed privately. Private schools often avoid some state regulations, although in the name of educational quality, most obey rules related to classroom education content. Private religious schools often only add religious lessons to the courses provided by local public schools.
Specialized school aims to improve the lives of their students by providing services tailored to the specific needs of each student. Such schools include guidance and school schools to help the learning of disabled children.
Maps Private school
Situation by country
Australia
Private schools are one of three types of schools in Australia, the other two are public schools (public schools) and religion. While private schools are sometimes considered "public" schools (such as the Associated School of Victoria), the term "public school" is usually synonymous with public schools.
Private schools in Australia may be favored for various reasons: the prestige and social status of "old school ties"; better quality physical infrastructure and more facilities (eg playground, swimming pool, etc.), higher paid teachers; and/or the belief that private schools offer a higher quality of education. Some schools offer the abolition of companion education disorder that supposedly; presence of dormitory facilities; or strict discipline based on the power of their expulsion, a tool not available for government schools. Student uniforms for Australian private schools are generally tighter and more formal than in public schools - for example, mandatory blazers. Private schools in Australia are always more expensive than their public counterparts
There are two main categories of private schools in Australia: Catholic schools and Independent schools.
Sekolah Katolik
Catholic schools make up the second largest sector after government school, with about 21% of secondary school enrollment. Most Australian Catholic schools are included in a system, such as state schools, often educating and trying to provide Catholic education evenly throughout the state. These schools are also known as "systemic". Systemic Catholic schools are funded primarily by state and federal governments and have low costs.
Parramatta Marist High School is Australia's oldest Catholic school, founded in 1820
Catholic schools, both systemic and independent, usually have a strong religious focus, and usually most of their staff and students will become Catholic.
Independent schools
Independent schools form the last sector and are the most popular form of schooling for boarding students. Independent schools are non-governmental institutions that are generally not part of a system.
Though largely out of alignment, some well-known independent schools also belong to a long-standing religious foundation, such as the Anglican Church, the Uniting Church, and the Presbyterian Church, but in most cases, they do not sue their students. religious loyalty. These schools are usually seen as "elite schools". Many of these "grammar schools" are also included in this category. They are usually expensive schools that tend to market and traditional style, some Catholic schools are included in this category as well, eg. St Joseph College, Gregory Terrace, Colleges of Saint Ignatius, Riverview, St Gregory's College, Campbelltown, St. Aloysius' College (Sydney) and St. Joseph's College, Hunters Hill, and Loreto Kirribilli, Monte Sant Angelo Mercy College, University of St Ursula and Loreto Normanhurst for women.
Independent low-cost schools exist and are often carried out by religious affiliations such as the Greek Orthodox church and other less prominent Christian denominations.
Canada
In 1999, 5.6% of Canadian students were enrolled in private schools, some of which were religious or religious schools, including Christian, Catholic, Jewish, and Islamic schools. Some private schools in Canada are considered world class, especially some pesantren with a long and illustrious history. Private schools are sometimes controversial, with some in the media and in the Provincial Education Department of Ontario asserting that students can purchase increased grades from private schools.
German
The right to create private schools in Germany is in Article 7, Paragraph 4 of Grundgesetz and can not be suspended even in an emergency. It is also impossible to abolish these rights. This unusual private school protection is being implemented to protect these schools from a second Gleichschaltung or similar event in the future. However, they are less common than in many other countries. Overall, between 1992 and 2008 the percentage of students in such schools in Germany increased from 6.1% to 7.8% (including up from 0.5% to 6.1% in former GDR). The percentage of students in private secondary schools reached 11.1%.
There are two types of private schools in Germany, Ersatzschulen (literally: substitute schools) and ErgÃÆ'¤nzungsschulen (literally: auxiliary schools). There are also private Hochschulen (private universities and universities) in Germany, but similar to England, the term private school is hardly ever used for universities or other tertiary institutions.
Ersatzschulen is a normal primary or secondary school, run by an individual, a private organization or a religious group. These schools offer the same type of diploma as a public school. Ersatzschulen has no freedom to operate entirely outside government regulations. Teachers at Ersatzschulen must have at least equal education and at least the same wages as teachers in public schools, an Ersatzschule must have at least the same academic standards as public schools and Article 7, Paragraph 4 of Grundgesetz, also prohibit the separation of pupils according to parental means they (called Sonderungsverbot ). Therefore, most Ersatzschulen have very low tuition fees and/or offer scholarships, compared to most other Western European countries. However, it is impossible to finance these schools with low school fees, which is why all German Ersatzschulen are also financed with public funds. Percentage of public money can reach 100% of personnel expenditure. Nevertheless, Private Schools went bankrupt in the past in Germany.
ErgÃÆ'¤nzungsschulen is a high school or post-secondary (non-tertiary) school run by private individuals, private or rare organizations, religious groups and offers a type of education that is not available in public schools. Most of these schools are vocational schools. However, this vocational school is not part of the German double education system. ErgÃÆ'¤nzungsschulen has the freedom to operate outside government regulations and is funded as a whole by imposing their students tuition fees.
Italy
In Italy, private schools account for about one fifth of Italian schools, because education is generally public. About one in 10 Italian students attend private schools, while others go to public schools. The Italian Constitution states that education becomes public, free and compulsory for at least 8 years.
The majority of schools that are not managed by the state are Catholic. In the period 2008-2009 Catholic schools accounted for 57% of all private schools, with a downward trend.
India
In India, private schools are called independent schools, but since some private schools receive financial assistance from the government, they can be assisted or not assisted. So, in the strict sense, private schools are independent schools without assistance. For the purposes of this definition, only acceptance of financial assistance is considered, not land purchased from the government at a subsidized rate. It is in the power of the union and state governments to organize schools since Education appears in the full list of legislative subjects in the constitution. The practice is for the union government to provide broad policy directions while countries make their own rules and regulations for the administration of this sector. Among other things, this also resulted in 30 different Examination Boards or academic authorities conducting checks for certificates leaving school. Leading Exam boards are present in many states are CBSE and CISCE, NENBSE
By law, only trust and nonprofit communities can run a school in India. They must meet a number of infrastructure and human resource-related criteria to gain recognition (a form of license) from the government. Critics of this system show that this leads to corruption by school supervisors who check compliance and fewer schools in the world's largest illiterate country. While official data does not capture the real level of private schools in the country, various studies have reported the unpopularity of government schools and more private schools. The Annual Education Status Report (ASER), which evaluates the level of learning in rural India, has reported poorer academic performance in public schools than in private schools. The main difference between government and private schools is that the medium of education in private schools is English while it is a local language in public schools.
Indonesia
In Indonesia, private schools are usually in big cities. All private schools in Indonesia are founded by foundations. Education costs are not subsidized by the government. The difference between private schools and public schools depends on each school. Each private school applies the policies of the Government of Indonesia, and all private schools provide additional opportunities for both culture and sport.
ireland
In Ireland, private schools (Irish: scoil phrÃÆ'obhÃÆ'¡ideach ) are unusual because a certain amount of teacher salary is paid by the State. If schools want to hire additional teachers, they are paid at school fees, which tend to be relatively low in Ireland compared to other parts of the world. There is, however, a limited element of state appraisal from private schools, owing to the requirement that the state ensure that children receive a certain minimum education; Irish private schools must continue to work towards the Junior Certificate and Leaving Certificate, for example. Many private schools in Ireland also double as pesantren. The average cost is about EUR5,000 per year for most schools, but some of these schools also provide dormitories and the cost can then go up to EUR25,000 per year. Paying schools are usually run by religious orders, ie, the Society of Jesus or the Congregation of Christian Brothers and Sisters, etc.
There are also a small number of private international schools in Ireland, including French schools, Japanese schools and German schools.
Lebanon
In Lebanon most students attend private schools, most of which are owned and operated by the Maronite Church. Government-owned schools do exist, but only a small percentage of the population attends this aging structure, most of which was built in the mid-twentieth century. Education standards are very high in Lebanon, but only those who can afford them can be found in these schools. This presents a major problem as it not only places a burden on younger parents and families, but also prevents certain individuals from realizing their full potential.
Lebanon uses an unusual mix system, with French, British and American systems intertwined, sometimes at the same facility. In 2015, about 85% of middle school and middle school graduates continue to university.
Malaysia
Chinese schools were founded by ethnic Chinese in Malaya since the 19th century. Schools were established with the primary goal of providing education in Chinese. Thus, their students remain largely Chinese to this day even though the school itself is open to people of all races and backgrounds.
After Malaysia's independence in 1957, the government instructed all schools to surrender their properties and assimilate into the National School system. This caused an uproar among the Chinese and a compromise was reached in that schools would become "National Type" schools. Under such a system, the government is only responsible for the school curriculum and faculty while the land still belongs to the school. While Chinese primary schools were allowed to maintain Chinese as a medium of introduction, Chinese high schools were required to transform into secondary school English. More than 60 schools were converted into National Type schools.
Nepal
In most of Nepal, schools offered by state governments will technically fall into the "public school" category. They are federal or state funded and have zero or minimal fees.
Other school categories are schools that are run and partially or fully funded by individuals, private organizations and religious groups. Those receiving government funds are called 'assisted' schools. Unsupported private schools are fully funded by the private sector. The standard and quality of education is quite high. Technically, this will be categorized as a private school, but many of them have the name "Public School" added to them, for example, the Galaxy Public School in Kathmandu. Most middle-class families send their children to such schools, which may be in their own or remote towns, such as boarding schools. The educational media is English, but as a mandatory subject, the official Nepali language and/or official state is also taught. Preschool education is largely confined to organized school nursery schools.
Dutch
In the Netherlands, more than two-thirds of state-funded schools operate independently, with many of these schools linked to religious groups. The International Student Assessment Program, co-ordinated by the OECD, placed education in the Netherlands as the 9th best in the world in 2008, much higher than the OECD average.
New Zealand
As of April 2014, there are 88 private schools in New Zealand, serving about 28,000 students or 3.7% of the entire student population. The number of private schools has declined since the mid-1970s as a result of many private schools choosing to become integrated schools with the state, largely due to financial difficulties stemming from changes in student and/or economic numbers. The state-integrated schools maintain the special character of their private school and receive state funds in return for having to operate like a public school, for example they should teach the state curriculum, they must hire registered teachers, and they can not charge school fees (they can charge "attendance fee" for maintenance on private school and school buildings). The greatest decline in the number of private schools occurred between 1979 and 1984, when the country's Catholic school system at that time was integrated. As a result, private schools in New Zealand are now largely restricted to the largest cities (Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington, and Christchurch) and niche markets.
Private schools are almost completely funded by school fees paid by parents, but they receive some government subsidies. Private schools are popular for academic and sports achievements, prestige, exclusivity and network of old boys/girls; however, many schools are integrated with the state and some prestigious public schools, such as Auckland Grammar School and Wellington College, are actively competing with private schools in academic, sports, history and character achievement.
Private schools are often Anglicans, such as King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland, St Paul's College School in Hamilton, St. Peter's School in Cambridge, Samuel Marsden Collegiate School in Wellington, and Christ's College and St Margaret's College in Christchurch; or Presbyterian, such as Saint Kentigern College and St. Cuthbert's College in Auckland, Scots College and Queen Margaret College in Wellington, and St. Andrew's College and Rangi Ruru Girls' School in Christchurch. However, the Catholic skismatic group, The St Pius X Association in Wanganui operates three private schools (including secondary school, St. Dominic College).
A private school group recently run as a business has been established by the Academy Academy Group; with schools throughout Auckland, including the ACG Senior College in Auckland CBD, ACG Parnell College in Parnell, and the international school of ACG New Zealand International College.
Oman
Oman retains a number of independent private schools of internationally renowned educational days and the majority are private educational grammar companies that offer Classics outside of Latin and Greek to incorporate ancient literary studies of Sanskrit, Hebrew and Arabic. The notable include the British Academy of America, Muscat School of England, Muscat School of Pakistan, Al Ghubra Indian School and Sultan School (see also Private Schools List in Oman).
Philippines
In the Philippines, the private sector has become a major provider of educational services, accounting for about 7.5% of primary enrollments, 32% of secondary school enrollment and about 80% of tertiary registration. Private schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization. Per unit costs in private schools are generally lower when compared with public schools. This situation is more pronounced at the tertiary level. Government regulations have given private education more flexibility and autonomy in recent years, primarily by lifting the moratorium on applications for new programs, new schools and conversions, by liberalizing tuition fees for private schools, replacing grade education for third and fourth years with language English, mathematics and natural sciences on school choice, and by issuing the Revised Regulatory Manual for Private Schools in August 1992.
The Government Education Service Contract scheme provides financial assistance for tuition and other school fees from students who turn away from high school because of over-registration. The Tuition Fee Supplement is intended for students enrolled in priority programs in post-secondary and non-degree programs, including vocational and technical courses. Financial Aid for Private Student Financial Aid is available for underprivileged secondary school graduates but is entitled to continue higher education/engineering at private universities and universities.
In the academic year 2001/02, there were 4,529 private elementary schools (out of a total of 40,763) and 3,261 private secondary schools (out of a total of 7,683). In 2002/03, there were 1,297 private higher education institutions (out of a total of 1,470).
Portugal
In Portugal, private schools are traditionally established by expatriates and foreign diplomats to meet their educational needs. Portuguese private schools are mostly concentrated in Lisbon and Porto. The MinistÃÆ'  © rio da EducaÃÆ'§ÃÆ' o o o acts as a regulatory and regulatory body for all schools, including international schools.
Singapore
In Singapore, after graduating from the Elementary School Exam or PSLE, students may choose to enter a private high school.
South Africa
Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools founded by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown since then. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognizes two categories of schools: "public" (state-controlled) and "independent" (which include private and privately-regulated private schools
In the final years of the apartheid era, parents in private government schools were given the option of converting to a "semi-private" form called Model C , and many of these schools changed the acceptance policy them to accept children of other races. After the transition to democracy, the legal form of "Model C" was abolished, however, the term continues to be used to describe government schools previously reserved for white children. These schools tend to produce better academic results than public schools previously reserved for other racial groups. Former school "Model C" is not a private school, because they are state-controlled. All schools in South Africa (including independent schools and public schools) have the right to set compulsory school tuition, and earlier model C schools tend to set much higher school fees than other public schools.
Swedish
In Sweden, students are free to choose private schools and private schools are paid the same amount as city schools. More than 10% of Swedish students are enrolled in private schools in 2008. Sweden is internationally renowned for this innovative school voucher model that gives Swedish students the opportunity to choose the schools they love. For example, the largest school network, Kunskapsskolan ("The Knowledge School"), offers 30 schools and web-based environments, has 700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000 students. The Swedish system has been recommended to Barack Obama.
United Kingdom
Private schools generally prefer to be called independent schools, because of their freedom to operate beyond the control of the government and local government. Some of these are also known as public schools. The preparatory school in England prepares students up to 13 years for entering a public school. According to the The Good Schools Guide , about 9% of children trained in the UK are in paying schools at the GCSE level and 13% on A-levels. Many independent schools are single sex (although this is becoming less common). Costs range from under £ 3,000 to £ 21,000 and above per year for pupil day, rising to Ã, Â £ 27,000 per year for boarding. For details in Scotland, see "Meeting Cost".
On August 15, 2010 The Observer reported that the gap in level A achievement between private and public schools in the UK was set to widen, with three times as many students who were personally educated as achieving new A * grades. The paper also notes that according to fair access observers, the brightest students from the poorest background are seven times less likely to get into top universities than their wealthier counterparts.
One in four children comes from the postcode at or below the national average income and one in three receives the cost help. However, due to actual student family earnings, which may be well above average for certain zip code areas, is not specified, these numbers are somewhat meaningless.
Evidence from major longitudinal studies suggests that UK private schools benefit in educational attainment and access to top universities, and that private school graduates have a labor market advantage and even control their educational qualifications.
United States
In the United States, the term "private school" may be applied appropriately to any school whose facilities and funding are not provided by the federal, state or local government; compared to "public schools", operated by the government or in the case of charter schools, independently with government funding and regulations. The majority of private schools in the United States are operated by religious institutions and organizations.
Private schools are generally freed from most educational regulations at the Federal level but are highly regulated at the state level. This usually requires them to follow the regulatory spirit of the content of the course in an effort to provide the same level of education or better than those available at public schools.
In the nineteenth century, in response to the dominance of the public school system by Protestant political and religious ideas, many Roman Catholic parochial churches, dioceses and religious orders established schools, operating entirely without government funding. For many years, most private schools in the United States are Catholic schools.
Similar perceptions (probably related to evolution vs. creationism debates) emerged at the end of the 20th century among the Protestants, which had resulted in the formation of a wide range of new private schools.
In many parts of the United States, after a 1954 decision in a landmark court case of Brown v. Topeka Board of Education demanding that US schools deviate "at all deliberate speeds", the local family organizes a wave of personal "Christian Academy". In many southern US, many white students migrate to the academy, while public schools become more concentrated with African-American students (see List of private schools in Mississippi). The academic content of the academy is usually College Preparatory. Since the 1970s, much of this "segregation academy" has been closed, though some continue to operate.
Funding for private schools is generally provided through student tuition, endowments, scholarships/school voucher funds, and donations and grants from religious organizations or private individuals. Government funding for religious schools is subject to restrictions or may be prohibited, according to the court's interpretation of the Clause on the Establishment of the First Amendment or the Blaine Amendment of an individual country. Non-religious private schools can theoretically qualify for such funding without complexity, preferring the advantage of independent control of student admissions and their course content rather than public funding that they can get on a rented status.
A similar concept, which has recently emerged from within the public school system, is the concept of a "charter school", which is a technically independent state school, but in many cases operates the same as a private non-religious school.
Private schools in the United States have been debated by educators, parliamentarians and parents, from the beginning of compulsory education in Massachusetts in 1852. The Supreme Court precedent appears to support educational choices, as long as the state can set standards for educational attainment. Some of the most relevant Supreme Court case matters on this subject are as follows: Runyon v. McCrary , 427 U.S. 160 (1976); Wisconsin v. Yoder , 406 U.S. 205 (1972); Pierce v. Society of Sisters , 268 US 510 (1925); Meyer v. Nebraska , 262 U.S. 390 (1923).
There is a potential conflict between the values ​​held in the cases mentioned above and the limitations set out in Article 29 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, described below.
In 2012, quality private schools in the United States charge enormous tuition fees, nearly $ 40,000 per year for day school in New York City, and nearly $ 50,000 for pesantren. However, tuition does not cover operational costs, especially in boarding schools. Leading schools like Groton School have substantial donations that run up to hundreds of millions of dollars coupled with fundraising. Pesantrens with a quality reputation in the United States have student bodies drawn from across the country, even globes, and lists of applicants that far exceed their capacity.
See also
- Alternative school
- Boarding school
- Catholic school
- Charter School
- Convention against Discrimination in Education
- Freedom of education
- Friends list
- Independent schools
- Independent School (UK)
- Ivy League
- Private universities
- Public school (government funded)
- Public school (UK)
- Religious education
- Voucher
References
References
- Hein, David (January 4, 2004). What happened to Episcopal school? The Living Church , 228, no. 1, 21-22.
- Porter Sargent Staff, The Handbook of Private Schools: Annual Descriptive Survey of Independent Education 1914-. Porter Sargent Handbooks, Boston. ISSNÃ, 0072-9884.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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