Irvine ( "English respelling pronunciation"> UR -vyn ) is a planned city in Orange County, California, United States. The Irvine Company began to develop the area in 1960 and the city was officially established on December 28, 1971. The city of 66 square miles (170 km km) has a population of 212,375 in the 2010 census; in 2018, the California Department of Finance estimates the city's population at 276,176.
A number of companies, particularly in technology and semiconductor sectors, have national or international headquarters in Irvine. Irvine is also home to several higher education institutions including the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Concordia University, Irvine Valley College, the Orange County Center of Southern California University (USC), and the California State University Fullerton (CSUF) campuses, the University of La Verne, and Pepperdine University.
Video Irvine, California
Histori
The GabrieleÃÆ' Â ± o indigenous group inhabited Irvine about 2,000 years ago. Gaspar de PortolÃÆ', a Spanish explorer, came to the area in 1769, which led to the formation of fortifications, missions, and livestock. The Spanish king splits the land for his mission and personal use.
After Mexico's independence from Spain in 1821, the Mexican government passed a mission and took control of the land. It begins to distribute land to Mexican citizens applying for grants. The three large Spanish/Mexican grants formed the land that later became Irvine Farm: Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, Rancho San Joaquin, and Rancho Lomas de Santiago.
In 1864, Jose Andres Sepulveda, owner of Rancho San Joaquin sold 50,000 hectares (200 km 2 ) to Benjamin and Thomas Flint, Llewellyn Bixby and James Irvine for $ 18,000 to settle the debt due to the Great Drought. In 1866, Irvine, Flint, and Bixby acquired 47,000-acre (190 km km) Rancho Lomas de Santiago for $ 7,000. After the Mexican-American war, Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana land fell into the hands of the masters. In 1868, farms were divided among four claimants as part of the lawsuit: Flint, Bixby, and Irvine. The farm is devoted to sheep grazing. However, in 1870, farm tenants were allowed.
In 1878, James Irvine gained his partner's interest of $ 150,000. His 110,000 hectare (450 km 2 ) stretches 23 miles (37 km) from the Pacific Ocean to the Santa Ana River. James Irvine died in 1886. The farm was inherited by his son, James Irvine, Jr., who put him in The Irvine Company. James, Jr. diverting farm operations into fields, olive and orange crops.
In 1888, the Santa Fe Railway extended its line to Fallbrook Junction, north of San Diego, and named the station along the road after James Irvine. The city formed around this station was named Myford, after Irvine's son, because the post office at Calaveras County had already borne the family name. The city was renamed Irvine in 1914.
In 1918, 60,000 acres (240Ã, km 2 ) beans were planted in Irvine Ranch. Two Marine Corps facilities, MCAS El Toro and MCAS Tustin, were built during World War II on farmland sold to the government.
James Irvine, Jr., died in 1947 at the age of 80. His son, Myford, was assumed to be president of The Irvine Company. He began to open a small section of the Irvine Ranch for urban development.
The Irvine Ranch hosted the National Scout National Scout event in 1953. Jamboree Road, the main road now stretching from Newport Beach to the city of Orange, is named in honor of this event. David Sills, then a young Scout from Peoria, Illinois, was among the attendees at the 1953 Jamboree. Kusen returned to Irvine as an adult and went on to serve four tribes as mayor.
Myford Irvine died in 1959. That same year, the University of California asked the Irvine Company for 1,000 acres (4a, km 2 ) for the new university campus. The Irvine Company sells the requested land for $ 1 and then the state buys an additional 500 acres (2.0 km 2 ).
William Pereira, the architect of a university consultant, and the planner of The Irvine Company set up a master plan for a city of 50,000 people around a new university. The plan is called for industrial, residential and recreational areas, commercial centers and greenbelt. The new community was named Irvine; Irvine's old farm town, where the railway station and post office are located, is named East Irvine. The first phase of the Turtle Rock villages, University Park, Westpark (later called Culverdale), El Camino Real, and Walnut was completed in 1970.
On December 28, 1971, the residents of these communities chose to include a city much larger than those envisaged by Pereira's plan. In January 1999, Irvine had a population of 134,000 and a total area of ​​43 square miles (111Ã, km 2 ).
In the 1970s, the mayor was Bill Vardoulis.
After the fall of Saigon in 1975, a large wave of Vietnamese refugees settled in the nearby Fountain Valley, especially in the late 1970s and throughout the 80s, forming most of the Asian Americans in the city.
In late 2003, after ten years of legal battle, Irvine annexed the former El Toro Marine Corps Air Station. It added 7.3 square miles (19 km km) of land to the city and blocked the Newport Beach people's struggle to replace John Wayne Airport with a new airport in El Toro. Much of this land has become part of Orange County's Great Park.
Maps Irvine, California
Geography
Irvine is bordered by Tustin in the north, Santa Ana to the northwest, Lake Forest to the east, Laguna Hills and Laguna Woods to the southeast, Costa Mesa to the west, and Newport Beach to the southwest. Irvine also shares a small border with Orange in the north on open ground by SR 261.
San Diego Creek, which flows northwest to Upper Newport Bay, is the city's main waterway. Her biggest tributary is Peters Canyon Wash. Most of Irvine is in a wide and flat valley between Loma Ridge in the north and San Joaquin Hills in the south. In the extreme north and south areas, there are several hills, highlands and canyons.
Planned city
Los Angeles architect William Pereira and Irvine Company employee Raymond Watson designed the Irvine layout, which is nominally divided into towns called "villages", separated by a six-lane road. Each city has homes with similar designs, along with commercial centers, religious institutions, and schools. The commercial districts are examined on the outskirts of the central cities.
Pereira initially envisioned a circular plan with many artificial lakes and universities at its center. When the Irvine Company refused to release valuable farmland in the flat central area of ​​the farm for this plan, the university site was moved to the southern coastal hill bases. The design ultimately used is based on the shape of the necklace (with villages strung along two parallel main roads, ending at the University of California, Irvine (UCI), "pendant"). The residential area is now limited by two commercial districts, the Irvine Business Complex in the west and the Irvine Spectrum to the east. Traces of the original circular design are still visible in the UCI campus layout and two artificial lakes in the center of Woodbridge, one of the central villages.
All roads have a landscape allowance. Right-of-way for powerlines also serves as bike corridors, parks, and greenbelt to bind together to defend ecology. The city irrigates green plants with reclaimed water. The homeowners' association governing several village environments has different levels of control over home appearance. In more tight areas, roofs, paint colors, and landscaping are arranged. The older section of the Northwood Village, developed from the early 1970s apart from the Irvine Company, has the distinction of being a larger village that is not under the scope of the homeowners' association. As a result, homeowners in the older Northwood area do not pay monthly village association fees; the environment is generally not uniform in appearance as in other villages, such as Westpark and Woodbridge. However, more strictly regulated villages generally offer more facilities, such as special pool members, tennis courts and parks.
In addition to the association fee, the homeowners in the villages developed in the 1980s and later may be subject to Mello-Roos special taxes, which emerged in the post-Proposition 13 era. For homeowners in these areas, the association's contributions plus special taxes Mello-Roos can significantly increase the cost of living in the city.
Villages
Each village was originally planned to have a different architectural theme.
Climate
The late spring and early summer at Irvine are subject to the phenomenon of June's widespread gloom in southern California, with cloudy and occasional drizzling mornings. The end of summer and autumn is warm and mostly dry, with moist weather attacks that occasionally extend from the Pacific cyclone off the west coast of Mexico. Winter is cool, with most winters having no frost, and can become hot and dry when Santa Ana's wind is blowing. Rainfall in Irvine occurs mainly during the winter months. Since Irvine is close to the coast, different parts of Irvine have different microclimates; for example, the effect of June's Density is stronger in the southern part of Irvine, closer to the Pacific Ocean.
Sometimes snow in the Santa Ana Mountains in northeastern Irvine. The snow at the bottom of Irvine is very rare, but this area received three inches of snow in January 1949. Tornadoes landed in Irvine in 1991, events that occurred in Orange County are more common about once every five years.
Demographics
By 2016, Irvine became the largest city in the continent of the United States with an Asian-American plurality, which constitutes about 45% of the city's population.
2010
The US Census 2010 reported that Irvine had a population of 212,375. Population density was 3,195.8 persons per square mile (1,233.9/km²). Irvine's racial makeup is 107,215 (50.5%) White, 3,718 (1.8%) African American, 355 (0.2%) Native American, 83,176 (39.2%) Asian, 334 (0.2%) The Pacific Islands, 5,867 (2.8%) of the other races, and 11,710 (5.5%) of two or more races. Hispanic or Latin of any race is 19,621 people (9.2%). Non-Hispanic whites are 45.1% of the population.
The Census reported that 205,819 people (96.9% of the population) lived in households, 5,968 (2.8%) living in unembienced groups, and 588 (0.3%) were institutionalized.
There were 78,978 households, of which 26,693 (33.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 40,930 (51.8%) were married couples living together, 7,545 (9, 6%) had a woman without a current husband, 2,978 (3.8%) had a householder with no wife present. There are 3,218 (4.1%) of unmarried partners of the opposite sex, and 463 (0.6%) married couples or married couples. 18,475 households (23.4%) consisted of individuals and 4,146 (5.2%) had individuals living alone aged 65 years or older. The average household size was 2.61. There were 51,453 families (65.1% of all households); the average family size is 3.13.
The age distribution of the population is as follows: 45,675 persons (21.5%) under the age of 18, 30,384 persons (14.3%) aged 18 to 24, 66,670 persons (31.4%) aged 25 to 44, 51,185 people (24 , 1%) aged 45 to 64 years, and 18,461 (8.7%) aged 65 years or older. The median age was 33.9 years. For every 100 females, there are 94.9 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 92.4 men.
There are 83,899 units of homes with an average density of 1.262.5 per square mile (487.5/km²), of which 39,646 (50.2%) are occupied owners, and 39.332 (49.8%) are occupied by tenants. The homeowner's vacancy rate is 2.2%; Rental vacancy rate is 6.2%. 109,846 people (51.7% of the population) live in residential units occupied by the owners and 95,973 people (45.2%) live in rented housing units.
During 2009-2013, Irvine had an average household income of $ 90,585, with 12.2% of the population living below the federal poverty line.
2000
The 2000 census found 143,072 people, 51,199 households, and 34,354 families in the city. Population density was 3.098.0 inhabitants per square mile (1,196.2/km 2 ), at the census. There are 53,711 housing units with an average density of 1,163.0 per square mile (449.1/km 2 ). City's racial makeup is 61.1% White, 7.4% of Hispanic or Latino populations of any race, 1.5% Black or African American, 0.2% Native Americans, 29.8% Asian, 1.1% Pacific Islands, 2.5% of other races, and 4.8% of two or more races.
There are 51,199 households where 36.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% are married couples living together, 9.8% have unmarried female households, and 32.9% are not family. 22.8% of all households are individual and 5.0% have a person who lives alone aged 65 years or older. The average household size was 2.70 people and the average family size was 3.17.
In the city, the population is spread by 23.5% under the age of 18, 14.4% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% years or more. The mean age is 33 years. For every 100 women, there are 93.8 men. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 90.0 men.
According to the 2007 Census Bureau estimates, the average income for households in the city is $ 98,923, and the average income for families is $ 111,455; these figures make Irvine the seventh richest city in the US, among cities with a population of 65,000 or higher. 9.1% of the population and 5.0% of families are below the poverty line. Of the total population, 6.1% of those under the age of 18 and 5.6% of those aged 65 and older live below the poverty line.
In 2006, the median gross rental paid for housing was $ 1,660 per month. It is the highest place anywhere in the United States over 100,000 people. The swelling high housing costs is a big deal in Irvine and Orange County, as the city council is facing pressure to approve future subsidized housing projects to meet the demands of working-class citizens.
Awards and acknowledgments
Irvine was elected in 2008 by CNNMoney.com as the fourth best place to live in the United States. In 2012, the sixth rank nationally. In September 2011, Businessweek enrolled Irvine as the fifth best city in the United States. Irvine is consistently ranked as the safest city in America with a population of over 100,000. In 2014, Irvine was named the best city in the US by 24/7 Wall Street . In March 2017, WalletHub included Irvine as the third happiest place to live in the United States. In June 2017, Irvine was named the 10th Best City in America by Niche.com.
Economy
Irvine tourism information is coordinated through the Destination Irvine program run by the Chamber of Commerce. This program provides information about Irvine as a place for leisure and as a destination for meetings, events and other business initiatives. Irvine has been rated as one of the top cities to start a business and its strong and growing economy helps put Orange County as one of the top ten fastest growing jobs markets.
Irvine is also used as a location for film projects. The city government provides free or inexpensive film licensing and offers location information for prospective production.
Business
The following companies are headquartered in Irvine:
The following international companies have headquarters in North America at Irvine:
Top entrepreneurs
In 2016, the top companies in the city are:
In 2014, the top companies are:
Art and culture
The Irvine Global Village Festival
Every October, Irvine hosts the Irvine Global Village Festival to celebrate diversity among Irvine and Orange County residents. The festival consists of exhibits from local merchants, entertainment from diverse cultures, and sampling of food from different regions of the world.
Irvine Community Television
The Irvine Community Television (ICTV) produces and broadcasts television programs on news, sports, arts, culture, safety for the Irvine community. The motto of ICTV is "For You, About You". ICTV is live on Cox Communications channel 30 and online.
Movie location
According to the Internet Movie Database (IMDB), the following production has been filmed partly or entirely on Irvine:
Library
Irvine has three public libraries: Heritage Park Regional Library, Park University Library, and Katie Wheeler Library. The Heritage Library serves as a regional reference library for Central Orange County and has a strong business and art focus while University Park Library has 95,745 books, including a substantial Chinese collection. Katie Wheeler is the grandson of James Irvine, and the library is a replica of a house owned by Irvine where she grew up. In addition, most UCI Libraries are open to the public.
Destination
Parks and recreation
Irvine has a community park and an environmental park. Community parks have public facilities located on each site. The neighborhood park provides open spaces and several recreational facilities in Irvine villages. Northwood Community Park in particular recently made a unique addition: The Northwood Gratitude and Memorial Honor is the first US warning ever built before the war ended. It lists the US military deaths from Iraq and Afghanistan, and when dedicated November 14, 2010 registered more than 5,700 names (out of 8,000 available space). Also unique in the history of war monuments, it will be updated every year.
Community park
Neighboring park
Other public spaces in Irvine, not part of the city park department, include William R. Mason Regional Park, Aldrich Park on the UC Irvine campus, and San Joaquin Wildlife Reserve.
Government
Local government
Irvine is a charter city, operating under a Board/Manager form of government.
City Council
The City Council consists of the Mayor and four members of the City Council. The mayor serves a two-year term and members of the Council hold office for four years. The city has a two-month limit for elected officials. Elections are held every two years, on even-year. During each election, two Board members and a Mayor's chair are ready to be considered. The City Council appoints the City Manager, who serves as the city's primary administrator. The City Council sets the policy for the city, and the City Manager is responsible for implementing the policy. The City Council appoints volunteers serving on various advisory boards, committees and committees.
According to the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report of the city for FY2014-2015, as of June 30, 2015, the city has net assets of $ 2.59 billion. FY2014-15 revenues totaled $ 395.2 million, with property taxes of $ 50.7 million and sales tax accounting of $ 58.8 million. On June 30, 2015, municipal funds reported a combined end-fund balance of $ 960.9 million.
The management structure and coordination of municipal services are:
Department of city
The city of Irvine is served by eight departments. These departments are responsible for managing and conducting all City Hall businesses and services:
Services
Services provided by the city include:
Support services are provided through other agencies including: Irvine Unified School District, Tustin Unified School District, Southern California Edison, Irvine Ranch Water District, and Orange County Fire Authority.
Emergency services
Irvine contracts with County of Orange for fire and medical services. Fire protection in Irvine is provided by the Orange County Fire Authority with ambulance services by Care Ambulance. Law enforcement is provided by the Irvine Police Department (IPD). IPD operates in suburbs that are considered to have one of the lowest violent crime rates among cities with more than 100,000 residents by the FBI each year since 2005. The University of California Police Department also has jurisdiction - including arresting powers - in urban areas near the campus UC Irvine, while the California State Police Department has similar jurisdictions in the city area near the Fullerton Irvine CSU campus.
State and federal
Of the 106,982 registered voters in Irvine, 34.6% are Democrats, 31.1% are Republican, 30.5% have no party preference and the rest are registered with third parties.
In the Senate of the State of California, Irvine is in the 37th Senate District, represented by Republican John Moorlach. In the California State Assembly, it is divided between the 68th District Assembly, represented by Republican Steven Choi, and 74th District Assembly, represented by Republican Matthew Harper.
During redistricting 2011, Irvine became part of California's 45th congress district. The 45th district is represented by Republican Mimi Walters.
Education
Most of Irvine is located in Irvine Unified School District (IUSD). The five high schools at IUSD are High School, Irvine High School, Northwood High School, Woodbridge High School and Portola High School. Arnold O. Beckman High School is located in Irvine but is managed by the Tustin Unified School District. The five high schools in IUSD, as well as Beckman Senior High, are consistently placed in the top ranks of Newsweek's list of the US Upper Schools of 1,300.
Irvine is also home to elementary and secondary schools, including two alternatives, year-round, open enrollment of K-8 schools, Plaza Vista and Vista Verde. The north and west of the city are inside the Tustin Unified School District.
Colleges and universities
Irvine is home to the University of California, Irvine, which is the second newest campus (founded 1965) in the UC system after University of California, Merced. Other higher education institutions in Irvine include California Southern University, Concordia University, Westcliff University, Paramount California University, distance learning university, Irvine Valley College, Fuller Theological Seminary, FIDM, Institute of Fashion Design and Merchandising, Orange County Campus, Stanbridge University; California State University satellite campus, Fullerton. Chapman University and Soka University of America are located in adjacent cities.
According to the 2000 United States Census, Irvine was ranked 7th nationally, among cities with a population of at least 100,000, having the highest percentage of people with at least 25 years of doctorate, with 3,589 residents reporting the educational attainment.
Transportation
Automotive
City-owned streets and intersections have trademark signage mahogany and are optically connected to the city of Irvine Traffic Research and Control Center (ITRAC). Traffic cameras and ground sensors monitor traffic flows throughout the city and automatically adjust signal time to line up, allowing more vehicles to avoid red lights. Some major highways pass through Irvine (Interstate 5, and Interstate 405 (California), California State Route 73, California State Route 133, California State Route 241, and California State Route 261). The main artery through Irvine is built extensively and runs in the northeast direction with speed limits higher than 50 mph (80 km/h). As a result of signal timing, wide roads, and street layouts, Irvine's roads are capable of handling higher traffic volumes than any other city in Orange County.
In 2015, 5.0 percent of Irvine's households are car shortages, which drops to 4.0 percent by 2016. The national average is 8.7 percent in 2016. Irvine averages 1.83 cars per household by 2016 , compared with the national average of 1.8.
Transit and Mass Transit Services
Bus and Shuttle Service
The local bus route is operated by the Orange County Transport Authority.
The city of Irvine has operated its own mass-transit bus service called iShuttle since 2008. Four daily commuter transports serve large businessmen, residential areas, shopping centers, and transport facilities. Two lines, Route A and Route B, connect the Tustin Metrolink Station to the Irvine Business Complex area. Route A provides services between Tustin Metrolink Station and John Wayne Airport with stops along Von Karman Avenue. Route B goes along Jalan Jamboree before continuing through Main Street and Michelson Drive. The remaining two lines, Route C and Route D, offer connections between the Irvine Station and the Irvine Spectrum Area, which includes large corporations, the Irvine Spectrum Center, and The Park and The Village residential community. Route C follows the Irvine Center Drive and ends on the Capital Group campus, while Route D serves the Irvine Spectrum Center, Kaiser Permanente - Irvine Medical Center, and Hoag Hospital Irvine.
Passenger Track
Irvine is served by commuter trains to Los Angeles, San Diego, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties at both Irvine and Tustin stations from Metrolink Orange County Line and IE-OC Line. OCTA currently implements major service improvements on the Orange County line, with trains roughly every 30 minutes during commuter hours on weekdays. The Amtrak train operates approximately every 60 to 90 minutes throughout the day along the Pacific Surfliner route between San Diego and Los Angeles. Amtrak trains just stop at the Irvine station, unlike Metrolink, which stops at Irvine and Tustin stations. The monthly Rail2Rail ticket allows commuters to use Metrolink and Amtrak services, a standard ticket exclusively for one operator. The four-storey parking structure was recently completed at Irvine station as part of the renovation of the station.
At one time Irvine intended to build a tram/guideway, but in February 2009 the city of Irvine canceled the project. Initially plans are underway to connect Orange County Great Park to the Irvine Spectrum Center and surrounding businesses with a fixed route transit system, also stop at the Irvine Transportation Center (Irvine Station). In 2008, two routes may be selected, but will not be developed now. All $ 128 million in funding will be returned to the Measure M fund, and available to other cities in Orange County.
Freight transport
The main factor contributing to the growth of Irvine is by freight trains provided by ATSF (now BNSF) Transport. The Venta Spur is Irvine's first spur. Built in 1920, he moved oranges from three processing plants in what is now Northwood to all countries. The processing factories were basically Irvine's first and biggest employers back then.
The plant started out of business in 1970 and spur abandoned in 1985. In 1999, after its donation to the city of Irvine, it turned into a trail of Venta Spur bikes.
The Irvine Industrial Spur is the second train line in Irvine. It serves a variety of industries in the Irvine Business Complex. There is currently little or no movement and the planning department of Irvine is considering turning it into a bike path.
Bikeways
Irvine offers a bicycle and pathway system to encourage bicycle use as a means of transportation. There are 44.5 miles (71.6 km) of off-road bike trails and 282 miles (454 km) from on-road bike paths in Irvine.
Famous people
Twin Cities
Irvine has four twin cities:
- Tsukuba, Japan
- Taoyuan District, Taiwan
- Hermosillo, Mexico
- Seocho-gu, South Korea
References
External links
Archive collection
- Guide to Historical Resource Documentation Documentation East Irvine, 1988. Special Collection and Archives, UC Irvine Library, Irvine, California.
- A Guide to George Leidal's Collections in Irvine City. Special Collections and Archives, UC Irvine Library, Irvine, California.
More
- Official website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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