A toaster , or a toast maker, is a small electric device designed to bake slice bread by exposing it to radiant heat, turning it into toast. The toaster can bake several kinds of sliced ​​bread products. Invented in Scotland in 1893, it developed over the years, with the introduction of an automated mechanism to stop grilling and pop slices.
The most common household roasting equipment is a pop-up toaster and toaster oven. Slices of bread are put into slots on the top of the pop-up toaster, which makes bread from bread in one to three minutes using an electric heating element. Toasters have controls to adjust how much a toast tool. The toaster oven has an open front hinged door to allow food to be placed on the shelf, which has a hot element above and below the roasting area. The function of a toaster oven is similar to that of a small conventional oven. Toaster ovens usually have a setting for baking bread and temperature controls for appliance use as an oven.
Video Toaster
Jenis
Modern toaster is usually one of three varieties: a pop-up toaster, toaster oven, and a conveyor belt toaster. For home use, consumers typically choose a toaster type based on the intended use. A pop-up toaster is better than a toaster oven to make baked toast evenly, but a toaster oven can be roasted and grilled while a pop-up grill can not.
Conveyor belt toasters are mostly used in restaurants or other industrial catering environments where toast is to be made quickly and in larger quantities.
Toasters are designed to be seen in any kitchen. Designers present more aesthetic variations to pop-up toaster than any other toaster. Consumers can choose a toaster based on their appearance.
Features
Features that differentiate different types of toasters include the following:
- For all toasters
- Roasting consistency - The ideal toaster can provide even roasting over the bread area, and reproduce this throughout the lifetime of the machine.
- Choice of greed - Users must be able to choose the darkness of the roasting.
- Toast production - A variety of toasters can process bread into toast with different capacity.
- Ease of operation - The roast control should be labeled to allow for easy use and predictable results.
- The absorptive power of the crumbs tray - The toaster with a permanently installed crumb tray will be harder to clean than the removable tray.
- Cable placement - There are variations of cable placement and retracting functions.
- For the pop-up toaster only
- One-sided toaster - Toaster can choose toast on only one side of the bread, perhaps to bake one side of the bagel.
- One-slot toasting - Ability to toast individual slots, if one item is desired.
- Depth of slot - People who want to bake oval bread should look for a deep hollow toaster.
- The width of the slot - People who want to bake a loaf of bread should look for a wide breaded toaster, like a bagel.
- Safety features - Most contemporary pop-up toasters have automatic shutdown in case of burning and burning toast.
- Lifeboats - Outside of pop-ups, some toasters can combine breaders to further repel bread products.
- Just for toaster oven
- Broil Option - If only the top heating elements can be used then the toaster oven can make the roasting option.
- Compact form - The right-sized toaster oven will serve the needs of the users but not occupy more counter space than necessary.
- Design for cleaning - The anti-sticky interior as made from porcelain makes the interior of the oven easier to clean.
- Interior lighting - Light inside the oven allows observation of cooking food.
- Multiple rack racks - Having the option to position the oven rack gives more control over the distance between the food and the heating element.
Pop-up cookies
In a pop-up or automatic toaster, slices of bread are inserted vertically into slots (generally just big enough to receive one slice of bread each) above the toaster. A lever on the side of the toaster is pressed, activating the toaster. When the internal device determines that the roasting cycle is over, the toaster will die and the toast comes out of the slot. The heating element of a pop-up grill is usually vertically oriented, parallel to the slices of bread - although there are some variations.
In the preceding days, the completion of the grill operation was determined by a mechanical timer; the user can adjust the running time of the timer to determine the "maturity" level of toast, but the first cycle produces less toast than the next cycle because the toaster has not been heated. Toasters made since the 1930s often use thermal sensors, such as bimetal strips, which are located close to toast. This allows the first cycle to run longer than the next cycle. The thermal device is also slightly responsive to the actual temperature of the bread itself. Like a timer, it can be customized by the user to determine the "maturity" of toast.
The most commonly used method of adjusting the heat supplied to toast is the variable time or hot sensor .
Amongst the pop-up toaster, those who bake two slices of bread more are bought than can toast four. Pop-up cookies can have different views outside only a square box, and may have a finishing touch of chrome, copper, brushed metal, or any color plastic. Marketing and toaster prices may not be an indication of the quality to produce good toast. A typical modern two-piece pop-up grill can draw 600 to 1200 watts.
Toaster oven
The toaster oven is a small electric oven with a front door, a wire rack, and a removable dish. To bake bread with a toaster oven, sliced ​​bread is placed horizontally on the shelf. When the toast is finished, the toaster will die, but in most cases the door has to be opened manually. Most toaster ovens are significantly larger than toasters, but are capable of performing most of the electrical oven functions, albeit on a much smaller scale. They can be used to cook toast with toppings, such as garlic or cheese bread, although they tend to produce dried up toast because their heating elements are further away from toast (to allow larger items to be cooked). They take 4-6 minutes to make toast compared to 2-3 minutes in a pop-up toaster. Since the toast rests on the bars in the toaster oven, the toast will have dry lines on one side. Evidence from product testing does not show that convection oven roast works better than a regular toaster oven.
As a tool, the toaster oven space requires on the table ranging from 16 to 8 inches (41 cm - 20 cm) to 20 by 10 inches (51 cm - 25 cm).
Conveyor toaster
Conveyor toasters are designed to make lots of slices of toast and are generally used in the catering industry, in cafeterias, eating places and institutional cooking facilities, as they are suitable for large-scale use. Bread baked at 300-1,600 slices per hour, making conveyor toasters ideal for busy restaurants that are always busy. The device is sometimes manufactured for home use since 1938, when Toast-O-Lator went into limited production.
Maps Toaster
History
Before the development of an electric toaster, sliced ​​bread is baked by placing it in a metal frame or on a long-handled grill fork and holding it near a fire or on a kitchen grill. Equipment for baking bread on open flames appeared in the early 19th century, including decorative wrought-iron equipment.
The first electric toaster was invented by Alan MacMasters in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1893.
Development of heating elements
The main technical problem at the time was the development of a heating element that would be able to retain recurrent heating to a red-hot temperature without breaking or becoming too fragile. Similar technical challenges have recently been overcome with the invention of the first successful incandescent light bulbs by Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison. However, the bulb takes advantage of the existence of a vacuum, something that can not be used with a toaster.
Macmaster toaster commercialized by Crompton, Stephen J. Cook & amp; British company as a grill tool called Eclipse. Early attempts to produce electrical equipment using an iron cord were unsuccessful, because cables were easy to melt and serious fire hazards. Meanwhile, electricity is not available, and at that time, mostly only at night.
The heating element problem was solved in 1905 by a young engineer named Albert Marsh who designed a nickel and chromium alloy, later known as Nichrome.
The first US patent application for an electric toaster was filed by George Schneider of the Detroit Electrical Energy Company in cooperation with Marsh. One of the first applications that Hoskins has considered for chromel is a toaster, but ultimately ignores such attempts to focus on just making the wire itself.
The first successful commercial electric grill was introduced by General Electric in 1909 for the GE D-12 model.
Double-sided and automatic pop-up technology
In 1913, Lloyd Groff Copeman and his wife Hazel Berger Copeman filed various toaster patents and in the same year Copeman Electric Stove Company introduced a toaster with an automatic bread player. The company also produces "toaster that turns toast." Prior to this, the toaster cooks the bread on one side and then is flipped by hand to toast the other side. Copeman toaster flips bread without having to touch it.
The automatic pop-up toaster, which baked out toast after baking it, was first patented by Charles Strite in 1921. In 1925, using the redesigned version of the Strite toaster, the Waters Genter Company introduced the Model 1-A-1 Toastmaster , the first automatic pop-up, a home toaster that can make brown bread on both sides simultaneously, adjust the heating element on the timer, and remove the toast when it is finished.
Technology roasting after the 1940s
In the mid-twentieth century, some top-class US bakers roasted an automatic toast that lowered and raised, without a lever to operate - just dropping slices into the machine that initiated the roasting procedure. Noteworthy examples are the Sunbeam T-20, T-35 and T-50 (identical except for details such as control positions) made from the late 1940s to the 1960s, which use mechanical heat expansion from wire expansion in assembly elements middle to lower bread; the piece of bread that is inserted crashed into the lever to turn on the power that immediately caused the heating element to start developing so that the bread lowered.
When the toast is finished, as determined by the heat-driven small bimetallic sensor passing through the toast, the heater is off and the pull-down mechanism returns to its temperature position, slowly raising the finished bread. The sensation of heat passing through this toast means that regardless of the color of the bread (white or wheat) and the initial temperature of the bread (even frozen), the bread will always be baked to the same degree. If a piece of bread is put back into the toaster, it will only be heated.
New additions to toaster technology include a larger baking slot for bagels and thick bread, the ability to bake frozen bread, and the option to heat one side or slot. Most toasters can also be used to bake other foods such as teacakes, Pop Tarts, waffle potatoes and crumpets, though the addition of melted butter or sugar to the interior components of the automatic toaster often contribute to the eventual failure. In rare cases, some enthusiasts modify the toasters to print images and logos on bread slices.
Risk
The toaster causes nearly 800 deaths each year due to electricity and fire.
Research
A number of projects have added advanced technology to the toaster. In 1990, Simon Hackett and John Romkey created The Internet Toaster, a controllable toaster from the Internet. In 2001, Robin Southgate of Brunel University in England created a toaster that could bake weather prediction charts (limited to sunny or cloudy) to a slice of bread. The toaster calls the pre-coded phone number to get the weather forecast.
In 2005, Technologic Systems, an embedded system hardware vendor, designed a toaster that operates the Unix-like NetBSD operating system as a sales demonstration system. In 2012, Basheer Tome, a student at Georgia Tech, designed a toaster using a color sensor to bake bread to a user-specified chocolate color.
The toaster that uses Twitter is referred to as an early example of the implementation of the Internet of Things. Toasters have been used as advertising tools for online marketing.
With permanent modification, a toaster oven can be used as a reflow oven for the purpose of soldering electronic components to a circuit board.
Hot dog toaster is a variation on toaster design; it will cook hot dogs without using a microwave or stove. This tool is similar to a regular grill, except there are two slots in the middle for a hot dog, and two slots outside for baking bread.
See also
- Undergraduate grinder
- Dualit
- List of cooking utensils
- List of home appliances
- Pie iron
References
External links
- AS. Patent 825,938 Electrical cooker
- AS. Patent 950.058 Electric heater, GE D-12
- Museum of International Center Service Grill
- Toaster in HowStuffWorks
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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