Home is a building that functions as a house. They can range from simple dwellings such as nomadic tribal base lodges and improvised shacks in slums to complexes, fixed structures of wood, brick, concrete or other materials containing pipes, vents, and electrical systems. Houses use a variety of different roof systems to keep rainfall like rain in order not to enter the dwelling space. Houses may have doors or locks to secure dwellings and protect their occupants and their contents from thieves or other offenders. Most conventional modern homes in Western culture will contain one or more bedrooms and bathrooms, a kitchen or a cooking area, and a living room. The house may have a separate dining room, or dining area can be integrated into another room. Some large North American homes have a recreation room. In traditional agriculture-oriented societies, domestic animals such as chickens or larger cattle (such as livestock) can share parts of the house with humans. The social unit living in the home is known as a household.
Most commonly, a household is a family unit, although the household may also be another social group, such as a roommate or, in a boarding house, an unrelated person. Some homes have only shelter for one family or similar-sized group; large houses called townhouses or tenements may contain many family homes within the same structure. A house can be accompanied by other buildings, such as a garage for vehicles or a warehouse for gardening equipment and equipment. The house may have a backyard or front yard, which serves as an additional area where residents can relax or eat.
Video House
Etymology
The English word home is derived directly from Old English hus meaning "residence, place of residence, house, house," which in turn comes from Proto-Germanic husan (reconstructed by etymological analysis) of unknown origin. The house itself conjures the letter 'B' through the initial hieroglyphic symbol of Proto-Semit depicting a house. The symbol was called "bayt", "bet" or "beth" in various related languages, and became beta , Greek letters, before being used by Romans. Maps House
Element
Layout
Ideally, architects design house rooms to meet the needs of people who will stay at home. Such design, known as "interior design", has become a popular subject in the university. Feng shui, originally a method of moving Chinese homes to match the factors such as rain and microclimate, has recently expanded its scope to address the design of interior spaces, with the aim of promoting the harmonious effect on people living in the home, although no real effects have ever been demonstrated. Feng shui can also mean "aura" in or around residence, making it comparable to the concept of selling real-estate "indoor-outdoor flow".
Square footage from a house in the United States reports a "living space" area, excluding garages and other non-living spaces. The number "square meter" of a house in Europe reports the area of ​​the wall lining the house, and thus includes the attached garage and non-living room. The number of floors or levels that make up a house can affect the square area of ​​a house.
Section
Many homes have some large rooms with special functions and some very small rooms for various other reasons. This may include living/dining areas, sleeping areas, and (if appropriate facilities and services exist) separate and combined laundry and toilet areas. Some of the larger properties can also feature rooms such as a spa room, indoor pool, indoor basketball court, and other 'non-essential' facilities. In traditional agriculture-oriented societies, domestic animals such as chickens or larger cattle (such as livestock) often share parts of the house with humans. Most conventional modern homes will at least contain a bedroom, bathroom, kitchen or cooking area, and living room. A typical "foursquare house" (as depicted) generally takes place early in the history of the United States where they were mainly built, with a staircase in the middle of the house, surrounded by four chambers, and connected to other parts of the house (including in a newer era is a garage ).
History of interior
Little is known about the earliest origins of houses and interiors, but can be traced back to the simplest form of shelter. The Roman architect, Vitruvius's theory has claimed the first architectural form as a frame of wooden branches completed in mud, also known as primitive hut. Philip Tabor then declared the contribution of seventeenth-century Dutch houses as the foundation of today's homes.
- "As far as the home idea is concerned, the house at home is the Dutch.Crystallization of this idea may be dated to the first three quarters of the seventeenth century, when Dutch Netherlands accumulated unprecedented and unparalleled capital accumulation, and emptied the wallet them into the domestic space.
Communal space
In the Middle Ages, Manor Houses facilitated different activities and events. In addition, the houses accommodate many people, including families, relatives, employees, servants and their guests. Their lifestyle is largely communal, since areas like the Great Hall impose feeding and meeting habits and Solar is meant to sleep together.
Interconnection rooms
During the 15th and 16th centuries, the Italian Palazzo Renaissance consists of many connectivity rooms. Unlike the quality and usage of the Manor House, most rooms in the palazzo have no destination, but are given a few doors. These doors are adjoining rooms where Robin Evans describes them as "discrete but totally interconnected room matrices." The layout allows residents to freely walk rooms to rooms from one door to another, thus breaking the limits of privacy.
- "After entering, you have to pass one room to the next, then sideways to pass through the building, where the aisles and stairs are used, because they can not be avoided, they almost always connect one room to another and never serves as a general distributor of the movement.So, despite the proper containment of the architecture offered by the addition of space in the room, the villa, in terms of work, open plans, is relatively permeable for many household members. "
Though very open to the public, this open plan encourages sociality and connectivity for all residents.
Corridor
Early examples of room separation and consequent privacy improvements can be found in 1597 at the Chelsea-built Beaufort House. It was designed by British architect John Thorpe who wrote of his plan, "A Long Entry through all". Separation of hall from room develops corridor function. This new extension was revolutionary at the time, allowing the integration of one door per room, where all the universals connect to the same corridor. British architect Sir Roger Pratt declared "a public way in the middle through the entire length of the house, [avoiding] the offices of one persecuting the other by continuing through it." The social hierarchy of the seventeenth century was highly respected, because the architecture was able to symbolize the servants and the upper classes. More privacy is offered to its inhabitants as Pratt claims further, "ordinary servants may never appear in public when they come here." This social gap between rich and poor benefits the physical integration of corridors leading to housing in the 19th century.
Sociologist Witold Rybczynski writes, "the division of houses into day and night use, and into formal and informal territory, has begun." The rooms were changed from public to private because a single entrance forced the entry of a room with a specific purpose.
Compared to the large-scale houses in England and the Renaissance, the 17th-century Dutch house is smaller, and occupied by only four to five members. This is because they embrace "independence", in contrast to dependence on servants, and design for a family-centered lifestyle. It is important for the Dutch to separate the work from the household, because the house becomes a place of refuge and a comfortable place. The way of life and this house has been recorded is very similar to their contemporary family and residence. The home layout also incorporates the idea of ​​corridors as well as the importance of function and privacy.
At the end of the 17th century, the layout of the house soon turned into a free work, enforcing these ideas for the future. This is beneficial to the industrial revolution, gaining production and large-scale factory workers. The layout of Dutch homes and their functions are still relevant today. The names of the parts of the house often echo the names of parts of other buildings, but they can usually include:
Technology and privacy
The introduction of in-house electronic technology and systems has questioned the impression of privacy as well as the segregation of work from home. Advances in surveillance and communications technologies enable an insight into personal habits and personal life. As a result, "the private becomes increasingly public, [and] the desire for a protective home life increases, driven by the media that undermines it" wrote Hill. Working too, has been changed due to increased communication. The "flood of information", has expressed work effort, easily gaining access inside the house. Although commuting is reduced, "the desire to separate work and life remains clear." In Jonathan Hill's Immature Architecture , he identifies this new privacy invasion as Weather Electromagnetic . Natural or man-made weather stays together inside or outside the home, but electromagnetic weather is capable of producing in both positions. On the other hand, some architects have designed houses to eat, work, and live together.
Construction
In the United States, modern home construction techniques include light frame construction (in areas with access to timber supplies) and adobe or occasional rammed earth construction (in dry areas with scarce wood resources). Some areas use bricks almost exclusively, and mined rocks have long provided walls. To some extent, aluminum and steel have replaced some traditional building materials. Increasingly popular alternative construction materials include insulating concrete forms (concrete filled foam forms), structural insulation panels (foam panels faced with oriented strand board or fiber cement), and light steel framing and heavy steel frames.
More generally, people often build houses from the nearest available materials, and often traditions or cultures manage building materials, so that entire cities, regions, districts or even states/countries can be built from one main material. For example, most homes in America use wood, while most European and British houses use stones or bricks or mud.
In the 1900s (decades), some home designers started using prefabricated. Sears, Roebuck & amp; Co first marketed their Sears Catalog Homes to the general public in 1908. Prefab techniques became popular after World War II. The first small space inside the framing, then, the entire wall is made and taken to the construction site. The original encouragement was to use labor in the shelter during bad weather. Recently builders began collaborating with computer-based structural engineers and finite element analysis to design prefabricated steel frame houses with known resistance to wind loads and high seismic strength. These new products provide more consistent labor savings, quality, and possibly speed up the construction process.
The method of rarely used construction has gained (or regained) popularity in recent years. Although not widely used, this method often appeals to homeowners who may become actively involved in the construction process. They include:
- Cannabrick Construction
- Eucalyptus construction
- Geodesic dome
- Straw bale construction
- Gelambir and wrapper
- Wood framing
- Framing (construction)
Energy efficiency
In developed countries, energy conservation is increasingly important in home design. Housing produces most of the carbon emissions (research has shown that it is 30% of the total in the UK).
Development of a number of types and techniques of low-energy buildings continues. They include zero-energy homes, passive solar homes, autonomous buildings, superinsulated and homes built with the standard of Passivhaus.
Earthquake protection
One of the earthquake engineering tools is the basic insulation that is increasingly used for earthquake protection. The basic isolation is a collection of structural elements of a building that must substantially separate it from the swaying soil that protects the integrity of the building and improves its seismic performance. This technology, which is a kind of seismic vibration control, can be applied both to newly designed buildings and to the seismic enhancement of existing structures.
Typically, excavations are performed around buildings and buildings separated from the foundations. Steel or reinforced concrete blocks replace the connections to the foundation, while below, the insulation pads, or basic insulators , replace the discarded material. While basic insulation tends to restrict the transmission of ground motion to buildings, it also makes the building well positioned on the foundation. Careful attention to detail is required when buildings interact with the soil, especially at the entrance, stairs and ramps, to ensure adequate relative motion of these structural elements.
Bamboo is an earthquake resistant material, and very versatile because it comes from fast growing plants. Adding bamboo is common in Asia, home-made bamboo houses are very popular in some Asian countries.
Found material
In many parts of the world, homes are built using used materials. In the Manila Payatas neighborhood, slum houses are often made of materials sourced from nearby garbage dumps.
In Dakar, it is not uncommon to see houses made of recycled materials standing on a mixture of rubbish and sand that serves as a foundation. The sand-litter mix is ​​also used to protect the house from flooding.
Legal issues
Buildings with historical interests have legal restrictions.
United Kingdom
New houses in the UK are not covered by the Goods Sale Act. When buying a new home, the buyer has different legal protections than when purchasing another product. New homes in the UK are covered by a guarantee of the National House Building Council.
Identify home
With the growth of dense settlements, humans devised ways of identifying houses and parcels of land. Each house sometimes gets the right name, and the names may get a huge emotional connotation. For example, the home of the Howards End or the Brideshead Revisited castle . A more systematic and general approach to identifying a home can use a variety of home numbering methods.
Animal house
Humans often build houses for domestic or wild animals, often resembling smaller versions of human domiciles. Unfamiliar animal houses built by humans include bird houses, dog houses and dog houses, while resident farm animals more often live in cages and stables.
Home and symbolism
Houses can reveal the circumstances or opinions of the builders or their occupants. Thus, vast and complex homes can serve as a mark of striking wealth while low-profile houses built from recyclable materials can demonstrate support for energy conservation.
Homes with certain historical significance (former well-known residences, for example, or even very old homes) can obtain protected status in urban planning as an example of built inheritance or street views. The warning plaque can mark such a structure.
Home ownership provides a general measure of prosperity in the economy. Contrast the importance of house demolitions, tents and rebuilding homes after many natural disasters.
See also
References
External links
- Housing for centuries, animated by The Atlantic
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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