cAMP response element modulators are proteins that in humans are encoded by the CREM gene, and they belong to the family of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein. It has several isoforms, which act either as a repressor or an activator. The CREB family is important for organizing transcription in response to various stresses, metabolisms and developmental signals. The CREM transcription factor also plays an important role in many physiological systems, such as cardiac function, circadian rhythm, locomosi and spermatogenesis.
Video CAMP responsive element modulator
Function
This gene encodes a bZIP transcription factor binding to the cAMP response element found in many viral and cell promoters. This is an important component of cAMP-mediated signal transduction during the spermatogenetic cycle, as well as other complex processes. The use of alternative promoters and the use of translational initiation sites allows these genes to use spatial and temporal specificity against cAMP response. Several variants of alternate transcript alternate encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene, with some of them functioning as activators and some as repeat transcriptimonunion.
Maps CAMP responsive element modulator
Gene Locations
The location of the chromosome of the CREM gene is 10p11.21, and starts at 35415769 and ends at 35501886 bp of pter (according to hg19-Feb_2009)
Interactions
CAMP responsive element modulator has been shown to interact with FHL5.
Relevance of CREM disease
Panic disorder
One study reported variations in DNA sequences in the gene for CREM in panic disorder patients. This demonstrates the significant advantages of the eight-repeat shorter allele and the genotype containing eight replication alleles in panic disorder patients. The associations observed are limited to panic disorder without agoraphobia, and they are more prominent in women. However, independent Italian and Spanish samples in the study did not support their results. Other family-based studies show little evidence of any vulnerability locus for panic disorder either within the CREM gene or in the immediate area on the 10p11 chromosome.
Lack of Spermiogenesis
As Dr. Paolo Sassone-Corsi writes in this article CREM is "the main regulator in the testes". This plays an important role in the regulation of post-meiotic gene expression, and this has been supported by several studies using CREM mutation mice. The results show that the first step in the process of sperm formation will be inhibited if the development of germ cells in CREM gene mice is disrupted. Site cAMP response elements can be found in the promoter region of some postmeiotic genes, so CREM can target and regulate these genes.
Two studies have shown that treating mice with Salvia hypoleuca and Alpina galanga can significantly increase the expression of the CREM gene.
Systemic lupus erythematousus
Less IL-2 will be produced from human T cells or rats with systemic lupus erythematousus (SLE). Several studies have shown that elevated CREM levels are expressed in the T lymphocyte nuclei of SLE patients. CREM is tied down to -80 IL-2 promoter sites to suppress transcription.
References
Further reading
External links
- CREM protein, man at the National Library of Medicine US Subject of Medical Subject (MeSH)
- the location of the Human genome CREM and the CREM gene details page at UC Gen Gen Browser.
This article combines text from the National Medical Library of the United States, which is in the public domain.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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