Latin Dictionary (or Latin Dictionary of Harpers' , often referred to as Lewis and Short or L & amp; S ) is a work of popular English lexicography from Latin, published by Harper and Brothers of New York in 1879 and printed simultaneously in England by Oxford University Press.
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This work is usually referred to as Lewis and Short after the names of its editors, Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. It was originally from the 1850 English translation by Ethan Allen Andrews of the earlier Latin-German dictionary, WÃÆ'¶rterbuch der Lateinischen Sprache , by German philologist Wilhelm Freund, in turn based on I.J.G. German-English Dictionary Scheller 1783. Andrews's translation was partially revised by Freund himself, later by Henry Drisler, and finally edited by Short and Lewis.
The division of labor between the two editors is very unequal. Short, very meticulous but slow workers produce material for the letters A through C, but B and C are lost by Harpers, which means that his work now appears only on the letter A (216 pages), while Lewis, who works at the time he can withdraw from its legal practice, entirely responsible for entries beginning with the letters B to Z (1803 pages). In 1890 Lewis published a very succinct version of the dictionary, titled The Basic Latin Dictionary, for student use. Sometimes called Elementary Lewis, is still printed today.
The adoption of the book by Oxford University Press was the result of the failure of his own project to create a new Latin-English dictionary in 1875. Henry Nettleship and John Mayor have been assigned to produce a new Latin dictionary based on source readings, but after the Mayor withdraws from the project, Nettleship can not solve it yourself; he finally published his research as a record of Lewis and Short. While the Press previously published a German-German translation of the German-German dictionary by John Riddle in 1835, the book is much more expensive. The press thus adopts the Harpers' Latin Dictionary as a provisional measure, paying the royalties of Harper and Brothers 10 per cent. Harper and Brothers sold the rights to the American Book Company in 1899, shortly before his bankruptcy.
Since its publication, many experts have criticized the dictionary for its errors and inconsistencies. Due to various circumstances, however, there were no substitutes attempted until 1933, with the Oxford Dictionary Dictionary, which was completed in 1983.
Full-text dictionaries are available on-line from the Perseus Project. Lewis and Short are also available for offline consulting, through various applications.
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Comparison with other dictionaries
Among the classists, Lewis and Short have largely been replaced by the Oxford Latin Dictionary, called OLD for short. Lewis and Short incorporate material from existing Latin dictionaries; OLD , instead, starting from scratch, following a procedure similar to the one in the Oxford English Dictionary . Thanks to the increased availability of modern editions, OLD editors have access to a larger range of classic works. Although classists still consult with Lewis and Short, they tend to prefer OLD .
On the other hand, Lewis and Short remain the standard reference work for medieval experts, renaissance specialists, and early modernists, as the dictionary covers the Latin Late and Medieval, if somewhat inconsistent. The OLD , when used alone, seldom meets their needs, because it was decided early in the OLD planning that the work will not include works written after AD 200. Some exceptions are made for text - very important texts of the late classical period, such as Augustine De Civitate Dei , but for longer periods of it OLD is very less useful.. The Medieval Latin Dictionary of English Resources completes OLD for the use of the Latin word medieval.
In the case where Lewis and Short do not answer medieval usage questions, J. F. Niermeyer Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus often gives answers. The Lexicon Minus was completed in 1976 by C. van de Kieft after Niermeyer's death, and has since become a standard reference work. More recent editions of Lexicon Minus have correction and expansion; also, in subsequent editions all the words are defined in English, French and German, making them more important internationally than Lewis and Short. The Glossary ad scriptores mediae et infimae latinitatis was completed in 1678 by Charles du Fresne (commonly referred to as Du Cange after the author's title, Sieur du Cange ) is now less commonly used, as Niermeyer Lexicon Minus aggregates much of its information.
Sometimes people confuse Lewis and Short (or L & amp; S ) with Liddell and Scott , his Greek counterpart, titled A Greek-English Lexicon . The 1945 Constitution and subsequent editions of Liddell and Scott are usually called the abbreviation LSJ after the names of its editors Liddell, Scott and editor of the 1945 revision, Jones.
See also
- Oxford Latin Dictionary
- Medieval Latin Dictionary from English Resources
- William Whitaker's words,
References
External links
- Explore text in Perseus
- The Perseus Word Learning Tool, including Lewis and Short and Lewis's Basics Latin
- Logeion, combining Lewis and Short with other Latin and Greek dictionaries, with offline versions for iOS
- Translatum LSJ, combining Lewis and Short with other Latin and Greek dictionaries in a hyperlinked wiki environment.
- Latin Dictionary, Lewis and Short Word and Whittaker for iOS
- Gloss, Lewis and Short for web and desktop (based on Adobe AIR)
- Verbs, Lewis and Short for Mac OS X
- Diogenes, ancient text search apps including Lewis and Short
- Lewis & amp; Latin-English Short Dictionary for Windows with color-coded definition and excerpt
- Catalog page from Oxford University Press
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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