Francis Albert Sinatra ( ; December 12, 1915 - May 14, 1998) is an American singer, actor and producer who is one of the 20th most influential and influential music artists of the 20th century. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, has sold over 150 Ã, million records worldwide. Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey. Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed a contract with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming an idol of "bobby soxers". He released his debut album, The Voice of Frank Sinatra, in 1946. Sinatra's professional career had stalled in the early 1950s, and he switched to Las Vegas, where he became one of the most renowned residency players as part of the Rat Package. His career was reborn in 1953 with the success of From Here to Eternity , with his later performance winning the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor. Sinatra released several critically praised albums, including In Small Wee Hour (1955), Songs for Lovers of Swingin! (1956), Come Fly with Me i> (1958), Just Lonely (1958) and Nice 'n' Easy (1960).
Sinatra left Capitol in 1960 to start his own record label, Reprise Records, and released a successful series of albums. In 1965, he recorded the retrospective of September I Year and starred in Emmy's award-winning Frank Sinatra: A Man and His Music . After the release of Sinatra in Sands , recorded at the Sands Hotel and Casino in Vegas with frequent collaborators Count Basie in early 1966, the following year he recorded one of his most famous collaborations with Tom Jobim, the album Francis Albert Sinatra & amp; Antonio Carlos Jobim . Followed by 1968's Francis A. & amp; Edward K. with Duke Ellington. Sinatra retired for the first time in 1971, but quit retirement two years later and recorded several albums and returned to the Caesars Palace, and achieved success in 1980 with "New York, New York". Using the Las Vegas show as a base, he toured the United States and internationally until shortly before his death in 1998.
Sinatra forged a very successful career as a film actor. After winning the Academy Award for From Here to Eternity , he starred in The Man with the Golden Arm (1955), and received critical acclaim for his performance at The Calon Manchuria (1962). She appeared in various musical such as In City <1945>, Guys and Dolls (1955), High Society (1956 ), and Pal Joey (1957), won another Golden Globe for the latter. Toward the end of his career, he became associated with detective play, including the title character at Tony Rome (1967). Sinatra would later receive the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1971. On television, The Frank Sinatra Show began in ABC in 1950, and he continued to make appearances on television throughout the 1950s and 1960s -an. Sinatra was also deeply involved with politics from the mid-1940s, and actively campaigned for presidents like Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan. Despite his political connections, the FBI investigates Sinatra and alleged his relationship with the Mafia.
Although Sinatra has never learned how to read music, she has an impressive understanding of her, and she works very hard from a young age to improve her skills in all aspects of music. A perfectionist, famous for his taste in dress and appearance, he always insisted on recording directly with his band. His bright blue eyes earned him the popular nickname "Ol 'Blue Eyes". Sinatra leads a colorful private life, and is often involved in turbulent affairs with women, as with his second wife Ava Gardner. He later married Mia Farrow in 1966 and Barbara Marx in 1976. Sinatra underwent several violent confrontations, usually with journalists whom he felt had crossed him, or worked with superiors with whom he disagreed. He was honored at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1983, awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Ronald Reagan in 1985, and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1997. Sinatra is also the recipient of eleven Grammy Awards, including Grammy Trustees Award, Grammy Legend Award and Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. After his death, American music critic Robert Christgau called him "the greatest singer of the 20th century", and he continues to be seen as an iconic figure.
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Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12, 1915, in a household upstairs at 415 Monroe Street in Hoboken, New Jersey. She is the only child of Italian immigrants, Antonino Martino, "Marty" Sinatra and Natalina "Dolly" Garaventa. Sinatra weighs 13.5 pounds (6.1 kg) at birth and should be delivered with the help of forceps, which causes severe scarring of the left cheek, neck, and ears, and perforation of the eardrum, damage that remains alive. Because of his injuries at birth, his baptism in St. Church Francis at Hoboken was postponed until April 2, 1916. Childhood surgery on his mastoid bone left a large scar on his neck, and during his adolescence he suffered cystic acne that injured his face. and neck. Sinatra was raised Roman Catholic.
Sinatra's mother is very energetic and encouraged, and the biographer believes that she is the dominant factor in the development of her son's personality traits and self-esteem. Barbara Sinatra claims that Dolly was rude to her as a child, and "hit her a lot". Dolly became influential in Hoboken and in the local Democratic Party circle. She works as a midwife, earning $ 50 for each shipment, and according to Sinatra's biography Kitty Kelley, also runs an illegal abortion service serving Italian Catholic girls, whom she dubbed "Hatpin Dolly". He also has a gift for language and serves as a local translator. Sinatra's illiterate father was a bull fighter who fought under the name Marty O'Brien. He then worked for 24 years at the Hoboken Fire Department, working for the captain. Sinatra spends a lot of time in his parent's shop in Hoboken, doing his homework and sometimes singing on piano players for compensation. During the Great Depression, Dolly gave money to her son for a walk with friends and bought expensive clothes, which caused her neighbors to describe her as "the best dressed boy in the neighborhood." Being overweight and small as a child and youth, Sinatra's skinny frame then became a joke staple during stage performances.
Sinatra developed an interest in music, especially the great jazz band, at a young age. He listened to Gene Austin, Rudy VallÃÆ' Â © e, Russ Colombo, and Bob Eberly, and idolized Bing Crosby. Puter Sinatra's mother, Domenico, gave him a ukulele for our 15th anniversary, and she began performing at family gatherings. Sinatra attends David E. Rue Jr. High School from 1928, and A. J. Demarest High School in 1931, where he managed the band for the dance school. He left without graduating, after only attending school for 47 days before being expelled for "general rudeness". To please his mother, he enrolled in Drake Business School, but left after 11 months. Dolly Sinatra worked as a newspaper Jersey Observer , in which the godfather, Frank Garrick, work, and after that, Sinatra is a pioneer in shipbuilding Tietjen and Lang. He appeared on local Hoboken social clubs such as The Cat's Meow and The Comedy Club, and free singing on radio stations such as WAAT in Jersey City. In New York, Sinatra finds a singing job for dinner or for cigarettes. To improve his speech, he started taking a talk lesson a dollar each from vocal coach John Quinlan, who was one of the first to pay attention to his impressive vocal range.
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Music career
Hoboken Four and Harry James (1935-1939)
Sinatra started singing professionally as a teenager, but she studied music with ears and never learned to read music. She got her first break in 1935 when her mother persuaded a local singing group, 3 Flashes, to let her join. Fred Tamburro, the group's baritone, stated that "Frank hangs around us like we are gods or something", admitting that they just took him on board because he owned a car and was able to drive the group around. Sinatra soon learned that they were auditioning for the Major Bowes Amateur Hour show, and "begged" the group to let her act. With Sinatra, the group is known as the Hoboken Four, and passed auditions from Edward Bowes to perform at the Major Bowes Amateur Hour event. They each earned $ 12.50 for appearances, and eventually attracted 40,000 votes and won the first prize - a six-month contract to perform on stage and radio across the United States. Sinatra quickly became the group's lead singer, and, much to the jealousy of his fellow group members, garnered most of the attention from the girls. Due to the group's success, Bowes kept asking them to return, disguised under a different name, varying from "The Seacaucus Cockamamies" to "The Bayonne Bacalas".
In 1938, Sinatra found a job as a waitress singing at a Roadhouse called "The Rustic Cabin" at Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, where she was paid $ 15 a week. The Roadhouse is connected to WNEW radio station in New York City, and he started performing with live groups during the Dance Parade show. Despite low salaries, Sinatra feels that this is the break he is looking for, and brags to his friends that he will "be so great that no one can touch him". In March 1939, a saxophone player, Frank Mane, who knew Sinatra from the Jersey City radio station WAAT, where the two broadcast live, arranged for auditions and recorded "Our Love", his first solo studio recording. In June, band leader Harry James, who had heard Sinatra singing on "Dance Parade", signed a two-year contract of $ 75 a week one night after a show at the Paramount Theater in New York. It was with band James that Sinatra released its first commercial record "From the Bottom of My Heart" in July. No more than 8,000 copies of the footage were sold, and further records released with James until 1939, such as "All or None," also had weak sales in their early releases. Thanks to his vocal training, Sinatra can now sing two more tones, and develop a repertoire that includes songs such as "My Buddy", "Willow Weep for Me", "It's Cute to Everybody But I Am", "It Comes Evening" "On the Little Street in Singapore", "Ciribiribin", and "Every Day of My Life".
Sinatra became increasingly frustrated by the status of the band Harry James, feeling that he did not achieve the great success and praise he was looking for. Pianist and his close friend Hank Sanicola persuaded him to stay with the group, but in November 1939 he left James to replace Jack Leonard as lead singer of the band Tommy Dorsey. Sinatra signed a contract with Dorsey for $ 125 a week at Palmer House in Chicago, and James agreed peacefully to release Sinatra from his contract. On January 26, 1940, he made his first public appearance with the band at Coronado Theater in Rockford, Illinois, opening the show with "Stardust". Dorsey recalled: "You can almost feel the excitement coming out of the crowd as the boy stands up to sing, remember he is not a matinà ©  idol id.She is just a skinny boy with big ears.I stood there so amazed I almost forgot to take solo I myself ". Dorsey was very influential on Sinatra and became a father figure. Sinatra imitates Dorsey's behavior and character, becomes a demanding perfectionist like him, even adopting his hobby of training toys. He asked Dorsey to become godfather for his daughter, Nancy, in June 1940. Sinatra then said that "The only two people I ever feared were my mom and Tommy Dorsey." Although Kelley claims that Sinatra and drummer Buddy Rich are bitter rivals, other authors state that they are friends and even roommates when the band is on the road, but professional jealousy arises when the two men want to be considered a Dorsey band star. Later, Sinatra helped Rich set up his own band with a $ 25,000 loan and provide Rich's financial help during the drummer's serious illness.
After recording in 1942, Sinatra believes he has to go solo, with an insatiable desire to compete with Bing Crosby, but he is stunted by his contract that gives Dorsey 43% of Sinatra's lifetime income in the entertainment industry. A legal battle ensued, finally ending in August 1943. On September 3, 1942, Dorsey bid farewell to Sinatra, reportedly saying when Sinatra went, "I hope you fall in love with you". He replaced Sinatra with singer Dick Haymes. Rumors began to spread in the newspaper that Sinatra's Godfather Sinatra, Willie Moretti, forced Dorsey to let Sinatra out of his contract for several thousand dollars, holding a gun to his head. Sinatra persuaded Stordahl to leave Dorsey with him and become his personal organizer, offering him $ 650 a month, five times Dorsey's salary. Dorsey and Sinatra, who were very close, never patched their differences before Dorsey's death in 1956, compounded by the fact that Dorsey occasionally made biting comments to the press like "he is the most interesting person in the world, but does not put your hand on in a cage ".
Onset Sinatramania and role in World War II (1942-1945)
In May 1941, Sinatra topped the poll of male singers in Billboard magazine and Down Beat. His appeal to bobby boys, when teenage girls were called, revealed new audiences for popular music, which had been recorded primarily for adults up to that time. This phenomenon was officially known as "Sinatramania" after the "legendary opening" at Paramount Theater in New York on December 30, 1942. According to Nancy Sinatra, Jack Benny later said, "I thought the damn building would enter the cave.... All this for a colleague I've never heard. "Sinatra performed for four weeks in the theater, acting under the orchestra of Benny Goodman, after which his contract was extended for four weeks by Bob Weitman due to his popularity. He is known as "Swoonatra" or "The Voice", and his fan of "Sinatratics". They organized meetings and sent many letters of praise, and within a few weeks after the show, about 1000 Sinatra fan clubs have been reported across the US. Sinatra's publicity, George Evans, encourages interviews and photos with fans, and is the person responsible for portraying Sinatra as a vulnerable, shy, Italian-American man with a brutally crafted childhood. When Sinatra returned to Paramount in October 1944 only 250 people left the first show, and 35,000 fans left outside causing a near riot, known as the Columbus Day Riot, outside of the venue because they were not allowed in. Such was the bobby-soxer loyalty to Sinatra that they were known to write Sinatra titles on their clothes, bribing the hotel servants to get a chance to touch his bed, and accusing him of stealing the clothes he wore, most commonly a bow tie, butterflies.
Sinatra signed a contract with Columbia Records as a solo artist on June 1, 1943 during a 1942-44 musician strike. Columbia Records re-released Harry James and Sinatra August 1939 edition of "All or Nothing at All", which reached number 2 on June 2, and was on the 18-week bestsellers list. He was initially very successful, and appeared on radio on
Sinatra did not serve in the military during World War II. On December 11, 1943, he was officially classified 4-F ("Registrant is unacceptable for military service") by his draft board because of a perforated eardrum. However, the US Army files report that Sinatra is "unacceptable material from a psychiatric point of view", but its emotional instability is hidden to avoid "undue inconvenience for both the selected and the induction service". In short, there was a rumor reported by columnist Walter Winchell that Sinatra paid $ 40,000 to avoid service, but the FBI found this unfounded. Towards the end of the war, Sinatra entertained troops during several successful overseas USO tours with comedian Phil Silvers. During one trip to Rome he met the Pope, who asked him if he was an opera tenor. Sinatra often worked with the famous Sisters of Andrews on radio in the 1940s, and many USO performances were broadcast to troops through the Armed Forces Radio Service (AFRS). In 1944, Sinatra released "I Could not Sleep a Wink Last Night" as a single and recorded his own version of Crosby's "White Christmas", and the following year he released "I Dream of You" (More Than You Dream I Do ) "," Saturday Night "," Dream ", and" Nancy (with Laughs) "as singles. The Columbia Year and career slump (1946-1952) Frank Sinatra's voice , which reached No. 1 on the Billboard charts. William Ruhlmann of AllMusic writes that Sinatra "takes matter very seriously, sings serious love lyrics," and that "its singing and classically influenced arrangements give the song an unusual depth of meaning." He immediately sold ten million records a year. That's Sinatra's orders at Columbia that his passion for spoiling with the release of Frank Sinatra's Set of Alec Wilder Music, an offer that was not possible to appeal to Sinatra's core fan base at the time, consisting of a teenage girl. The following year he released his second album, Songs by Sinatra , featuring songs with the same mood and tempo as Irving Berlin "How Deep is the Ocean?" and Harold Arlen's and Jerome Kern's "All The Things You Are". "Mam'selle", composed by Edmund Goulding with lyrics by Mack Gordon for The Razor's Edge film (1946), was released as a single. Sinatra has competition; versions by Art Lund, Dick Haymes, Dennis Day and The Pied Pipers also reached the top ten of Billboard's charts. In December he recorded "Sweet Lorraine" with Metronome All-Stars, featuring talented jazz musicians such as Coleman Hawkins, Harry Carney and Charlie Shavers, with Nat King Cole on piano, in what Charles L. Granata described as "one of the draw attention." Columbia's Sinatra ".
Sinatra's third album, Christmas Songs by Sinatra, was originally released in 1948 as a set of 78 rpm albums, and a record 10 LP was released two years later when Sinatra was featured as a pastor at The Miracle of the Bells, due to the negative pressure around the alleged Mafia connections at the time, it was announced to the public that Sinatra would donate $ 100,000 in wages from the film to the Catholic Church.At the end of 1948, Sinatra had slipped to fourth in the annual elections most popular (behind Billy Eckstine, Frankie Laine, and Bing Crosby), and the following year he was pushed out of the top of the freckles in the poll for the first time since 1943. Keep Sentimental (1949) by Down Beat , who commented that "for all his talents, rarely live".
Although "The Hucklebuck" reached the top ten, it was his last single under the Columbia label. Sinatra's last two albums with Columbia, Dedicated to You and Singing and Dancing with Frank Sinatra , were released in 1950. Sinatra will feature a number of Sing and Dance songs with Frank Sinatra album tracks, including "Beloved", "It's Only Paper Month", "It All Depends on You", in the 1961 Capitol release, Sinatra's Swingin 'Session !!!
Absorbing his low career was publicist George Evans's death from a heart attack in January 1950 at 48. According to Jimmy Van Heusen, Sinatra's close friend and songwriter, Evans's death for him was a "big shock against words", as he was so important to his career and its popularity with bobbysoxers. Sinatra's reputation continued to decline when reports took place in February about his affair with Ava Gardner and the destruction of his marriage with Nancy, although he insisted that his marriage was long over before he even met Gardner. In April, Sinatra was engaged to appear at the Copa club in New York, but had to cancel five days from the reservation due to a submucosal haemorrhage from the throat. Evans once said that every time Sinatra suffers from a bad throat and loses his voice, it is always because of the emotional tension that "really destroys it".
In financial distress after divorce and her career declined, Sinatra was forced to borrow $ 200,000 from Columbia to pay her back tax after the MCA refused money. Rejected by Hollywood, he switched to Las Vegas and made his debut at Desert Inn in September 1951, and also began singing at the Riverside Hotel in Reno, Nevada. Sinatra became one of the Vegas residency entertainers, and a prominent figure in the Vegas scene throughout the 1950s and 1960s, a period described by Rojek as the "high water mark" of Sinatra's "hedonism and self-absorption." Rojek noted that the Rat Pack "provides an outlet for gregarious banter and wisecracks", but argues that it is a Sinatra vehicle, having "an undeniable command over other players". Sinatra will fly to Las Vegas from Los Angeles on a single-engined Van Heusen aircraft. On October 4, 1953, Sinatra made his first appearance at Sands Hotel and Casino, after an invitation by manager Jack Entratter, who previously worked at the Copa in New York. Sinatra is usually done there three times a year, and then gets a share in the hotel.
Sinatra's declining popularity is evident in his concert performance. In a short time at Paramount in New York, he attracted a small audience. At the Desert Inn in Las Vegas, he appeared in houses full of wildlife and ranchers. At a concert at the Chez Paree in Chicago, only 150 people at a capacity of 1,200 seats appear to see it. In April 1952 he performed at the Kauai District Exhibition in Hawaii. Sinatra's relationship with Columbia Records was also destroyed, with A & amp; R executive Mitch Miller claimed he "could not provide" the singer's record. Although some important recordings made during this time period, such as "If I Could Write a Book" in January 1952, which is seen Granata as a "turning point", predicting his work later with sensitivity, Columbia and MCA dropped later that year. The last studio recording for Columbia, "Why Try To Change Me Now", was recorded in New York on September 17, 1952 with the orchestra arranged and conducted by Percy Faith. Burt Boyar reporter observed, "Sinatra had it. It was depressing. From top to bottom in a terrible lesson."
Rise of career and length of the Capitol (1953-1962)
The release of the film From Here to Eternity in August 1953 marked the beginning of a remarkable career revival. Santopietro notes that Sinatra began to bury himself in his work, with "unmatched recording schedules, movies and concerts," in what writers Anthony Summers and Robbyn Swan describe as "a new and brilliant phase". On March 13, 1953, Sinatra met with Capitol Records vice president Alan Livingston and signed a seven-year record deal. His first session for Capitol took place at KHJ's studio at Studio C, 5515 Melrose Avenue in Los Angeles, with Axel Stordahl performing. The session produced four recordings, including "I'm Walking Behind You", Sinatra's first single. After spending two weeks at a location in Hawaii filming From Here to Eternity, Sinatra returned to KHJ on April 30 for her first recording session with Nelson Riddle, an established arranger and conductor on Capitol which is a musical Nat King Cole Director. After recording the first song, "I Have a World on the String", Sinatra offers Riddle a rare expression of praise, "Beautiful!", And after listening to the screening, he can not hide his enthusiasm, exclaiming, "I'm back, honey, I'm back!"
In subsequent sessions in May and November 1953, Sinatra and Riddle developed and improved their music collaboration, with Sinatra providing specific guidance on its arrangement. Sinatra's first album for Capitol, Songs for Young Lovers , was released on January 4, 1954, and included "A Foggy Day", "I Get a Kick Out of You", "My Funny Valentine", "Violets for Your Furs "and" They Can not Take That Away from Me ", the songs that became the subject of subsequent concerts. In the same month, Sinatra and Doris Day released the single "Young at Heart", which earned # 2 and was awarded the Song of the Year. In March, he recorded and released the single "Three Coins in the Fountain", a "powerful ballad" that reached # 4. Sinatra's second album with Riddle, Swing Easy! , reflecting his "love of jazz idiom," according to Granata, was released on August 2 of that year and included "Only One of Those Things", "Taking Chance on Love", "Get Happy", and "All of Me ". Swing Easy! was named Album of the Year by Billboards, and he was also crowned as "Favorite Male Vocalist" by Billboard , Down Beat , and Metronome that year. Sinatra came to consider Riddle "the greatest organizer in the world", and Riddle, who considers Sinatra "a perfectionist", offers the same praise to the singer, observing, "Not only is his intuition such as tempe, phrase, and even extraordinary configuration, his taste is perfect... still no one can approach him. "
In 1955 Sinatra was released in Wee Small Hours, the first LP 12, featuring songs such as "In Wee Small Hours of the Morning", "Indigo Mood", "Glad to Be Unhappy" and " When Your Lover Has Been Missing. " According to Granata, this is the first concept album to create a "single persuasive statement", with an extended program and "melancholic mood".Sinatra started its first tour in Australia that same year. Another collaboration with Riddle has resulted in the development of Songs for Lovers of Swingin! , sometimes seen as one of his best albums, was released in March 1956. It features a recording of "I Got You" Under My Skin "by Cole Porter, something Sinatra greatly noticed, picked 22 reported for perfect it.
The recording session of February 1956 inaugurated the studios at the Capitol Recording Building, complete with a 56-piece symphony orchestra. According to Granata, his recordings of "Night and Day", "Oh! Look Me Now" and "From This Time" reveal "strong sexual tone, which is achieved by riveting through the tension and release of the best sinatra vocal lines" , while recording "River, Stay 'Way from My Door" in April showed "her brilliance as a syncopational improvisation". Riddle says that Sinatra took a "special pleasure" in singing "The Lady is a Tramp", commenting that she "always sang that song with some courage", made "cue tricks" with the lyrics. Her penchant for performing was shown again in 1956 Frank Sinatra Performs a Color Tone Poem , an instrumental album that has been interpreted to be cathartic for a failed relationship with Gardner. Also that year, Sinatra sang at the Democratic National Convention, and performed with The Dorsey Brothers for a week soon at Paramount Theater.
In 1957, Sinatra released Close to You , A Swingin 'Affair! and Where Are You? - his first album in stereo, with Gordon Jenkins. Granata considers "Close to You" to have thematically concept albums closest to perfection during the "golden" era, and Nelson Riddle's best work, which was "very progressive" by the tribune of the day. It's structured like a three-pronged game, each starting with songs "With Every Breath I Take", "Blaming It In My Youth" and "It Can Happen to You". For Granata, Sinatra's A Swingin 'Affair! and swing music predecessors Songs for Lovers of Swingin! compacted "Sinatra's image as 'swinger', from musical and visual point of view". Buddy Collette considers the swing album to be heavily influenced by Sammy Davis, Jr., and states that when he worked with Sinatra in the mid-1960s he approached a song much different from that he did in the early 1950s. On June 9, 1957, he appeared in a 62-minute concert by Riddle at the Seattle Civic Auditorium, his first appearance in Seattle since 1945. The record was first released as pirated, but in 1999 Artanis Entertainment Group officially released it as Sinatra '57 in Concert live album, after Sinatra's death. In 1958 Sinatra released the concept album Come Fly with Me with Billy May, which was designed as a music world tour. It reached the top spot on the Billboard album chart in the second week, left over for five weeks, and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the inaugural Grammy Awards. The title song, "Come Fly With Me", written specifically for him, will be one of his best standards. On May 29 he recorded seven songs in a single session, more than double the usual results of the recording sessions, and the eighth planned, "Lush Life", but Sinatra felt too technically demanding. In September, Sinatra released Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely, a rough collection of introspective saloon tracks and a blues-tinged ballad that proved a huge commercial success, spending 120 weeks on the Billboard album chart and peaking at No. 1. Cuts from this LP, such as "Angel Eyes" and "One for My Baby (and One More for the Road)", will remain the staples of the "saloon song" segment of the Sinatra concert.
In 1959, Sinatra released Come Dance with Me! , a critically acclaimed, critically acclaimed album that stays on the Billboard's Pop charts for 140 weeks, peaking at # 2. It won Grammy Award for Album of the Year, as well as Best Vocal Performance, Male and Best Arrangement for Billy May. She also released No One Cares in the same year, a collection of "lonely, lonely" torch songs criticized by critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine "almost as good as his predecessor Where Are You? <, but does not have that "fertile" and "grandiose melancholy" arrangement of Just Lonely .
In Kelley's words, in 1959, Sinatra was "not just the leader of the Rat Pack" but had "taken the position of il padrone in Hollywood". He was asked by 20th Century Fox to become the master of the ceremony at lunch attended by President Nikita Khrushchev on September 19, 1959. Nice Nice n 'Easy, a ballad collection, topped the Billboard in October 1960 and remained on the charts for 86 weeks, winning critical acclaim. Granata notes the quality of the "living, vibrant sound" of Nice and Easy, the perfection in the stereo balance, and the band's "bold, brighter and sharp" sound. He highlighted the "close, warm and sharp" feelings of Sinatra's voice, especially on the song "September in the Rain", "I'm Concentrating on You", and "My Blue Heaven".
Reprise years (1961-1981)
Sinatra grew dissatisfied on the Capitol, and fell into hostility with Alan Livingston, which lasted for six months. His first attempt to have his own label was to pursue the purchase of a declining jazz label, Verve Records, which ended after a preliminary deal with Verve founder Norman Granz, "failed to materialize." He decided to form his own label, Reprise Records and, in an effort to confirm his new direction, while parting ways with Riddle, May and Jenkins, working with other arranger like Neil Hefti, Don Costa and Quincy Jones. Sinatra builds the appeal of Reprise Records as one in which artists are promised creative control over their music, as well as a guarantee that they will eventually get "complete ownership of their work, including publishing rights." Under Sinatra the company grew into a "powerhouse" of the music industry, and he then sold it for about $ 80 Ã, million. Her first album on the label, Ring-a-Ding-Ding! (1961), was a huge success, peaking at No.4 on Billboards. The album was released in February 1961, the same month with Reprise Records releasing Ben Webster The Warm Moods , Sammy Davis, Jr. The Wham of Sam , Mavis River Mavis and Joe E. Lewis Now Now Posting Time . During the early years of Reprise, Sinatra is still under contract to record for the Capitol, completing its contractual commitments by releasing the Point of No Return recorded during the two-day period on September 11 and 12, 1961..
In 1962, Sinatra released Sinatra and Strings a standard ballad set compiled by Don Costa, which became one of the most critically acclaimed works of the entire Sinatra Reprise period. Frank Sinatra, Jr., who was present during the recording, recorded the "great orchestra", which Nancy Sinatra declared "opening a new era" in pop music, with an increasing orchestra, embracing "lush string sounds". Sinatra and Count Basie collaborated for the Sinatra-Basie album in the same year, a popular and successful release that prompted them to rejoin two years later for follow-up. Might as Well Be Swing , governed by Quincy Jones. The two became a frequent performer together, and appeared at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1965. Also in 1962, as the owner of his own record label, Sinatra was able to climb the podium as a conductor again, releasing his third instrumental album Frank Sinatra Organizing Music from Pictures and Plays .
In 1963, Sinatra reunited with Nelson Riddle for The Sinatra Concert, an ambitious album featuring 73 pieces of symphony orchestra arranged and performed by Riddle. The concert was recorded on motion picture soundstage images using multiple synchronized recording machines that use optical signals to 35 mm films designed for movie soundtracks. Granata considers the album to be "impeachable" [sic], "one of the best of the Sinatra-Riddle ballad albums", in which Sinatra features an impressive vocal range, especially in "Ol 'Man River", where she darkens hue. In 1964, the song "My Kind of Town" was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. Sinatra was released Gently, as I Left You , and collaborated with Bing Crosby and Fred Waring in America, I Hear You Singing , a collection of patriotic songs recorded in honor of killing President John F. Kennedy. Sinatra is increasingly involved in charitable activities in this period. In 1961 and 1962 he traveled to Mexico, with the sole purpose of performing for a Mexican charity, and in July 1964 he attended the dedication of the Frank Sinatra International Youth Center to Arab and Jewish children in Nazareth.
Sinatra's phenomenal success in 1965, to coincide with his 50th birthday, prompted Billboard to state that he may have reached his "peak". In June 1965, Sinatra, Sammy Davis, Jr., and Dean Martin played directly at St. Louis to benefit Dismas House, a rehabilitation and training center for detainees with national programs that specifically help serve African Americans. The Rat Pack concert was broadcast live via satellite to a number of theaters across America. My September Year Album was released September 1965, and later won the Grammy Award for the best album of the year. Granata considers this album one of the best of his Reprise years, "a reflective setback to the 1950s concept notes, and more than those collections, distilling everything Frank Sinatra had learned or experienced as a vocalist ". One single album, "It Was a Very Good Year", won a Grammy Award for Best Vocal Performance, Male. A career anthology, A Man and His Music , followed in November, won an Album of the Year at the Grammy the following year.
In 1966 Sinatra released That Life , with the single "That Life" and the album becoming Top Ten hits in the US on the Billboard 'pop chart. Strangers in the Night went on to the top of the Billboard and the British pop singles charts, winning awards for Recording of the Year at the Grammy. Sinatra's first live album, Sinatra at the Sands , was recorded during January and February 1966 at Sands Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas. Sinatra is supported by Count Basie Orchestra, with Quincy Jones performing. Sinatra was pulled out of Sands the following year, when he was expelled by his new owner Howard Hughes, after a fight.
Sinatra started in 1967 with a series of recording sessions with AntÃÆ'Â'nio Carlos Jobim. He recorded one of his most famous collaborations with Jobim, a Grammy nominated album Francis Albert Sinatra & amp; AntÃÆ'Â'nio Carlos Jobim , which is one of the best-selling albums of the year, behind The Beatles Sgt. Lost Pepper Club Band. According to Santopietro, the album "consists of an incredibly effective blend of bossa nova and slightly swinging jazz vocals, and succeeds in creating an unbroken atmosphere of romantic and regret." Writer Stan Cornyn writes that Sinatra sang very gently on the album in proportion to the time he suffered from vocal bleeding in 1950. Sinatra also released The World We Knew album, featuring a duet of "Somethinghin" Stupid "with Nancy's daughter. In December, Sinatra collaborated with Duke Ellington on the album Francis A. & amp; Edward K. . According to Granata, the recording of "Indian Summer" on the album is Riddle's favorite, noting "a contemplative mood enhanced by Johnny Hodges alto sax solo that will bring tears to your eyes." With sinatra in mind, singer-songwriter Paul Anka wrote the song "My Way", using the melodies of French "Comme d'habitude" ("As Usual"), composed by Claude FranÃÆ'§ois and Jacques Revaux. Sinatra recorded it right after Christmas 1968. "My Way", Sinatra's most famous song on the Reprise label, was not an instant success, charted at # 27 in the US and # 5 in the UK, but remained on the UK charts for 122 weeks, including 75 weeks not consecutively in the Top 40, between April 1969 and September 1971, which is still a record in 2015. Sinatra told songwriter Ervin Drake in the 1970s that he "hated" singing the song, because he believed audiences would think it is "aggrandizing self-respect", stating that he "hates pride in others".
In an effort to maintain its commercial viability in the late 1960s, Sinatra will record the works of Paul Simon ("Mrs. Robinson"), The Beatles ("Yesterday"), and Joni Mitchell ("Both Sides, Now") in 1969.
In 1970, Sinatra released Watertown , a critically acclaimed concept album, with music by Bob Gaudio (from Four Seasons) and lyrics by Jake Holmes. However, it sold only 30,000 copies that year and reached the top of the chart position 101. He left Caesars Palace in September of that year after an incident in which Sanford Waterman executives pulled a gun on him. He did some charity concerts with Count Basie at the Royal Festival Hall in London. On November 2, 1970, Sinatra recorded the last songs for Reprise Records before his own retirement, announcing in June next at a Hollywood concert to raise money for the Motion Picture and TV Relief Fund. She finished the concert with the appearance of "awakening" from "It's Life", and stated "Excuse me when I disappeared" when she left the stage. He told LIFE reporter Thomas Thompson that "I have things to do, like the first thing that should not be anything at all for eight months... maybe a year" , while Barbara Sinatra later claimed that Sinatra had grown "tired of entertaining people, especially when all they wanted was the same old song that she had long been bored with". When he retired, President Richard Nixon asked him to perform at Young Voters Rally in anticipation of his upcoming campaign. Sinatra obliged and chose to sing "My Kind of Town" for a rally held in Chicago on October 20, 1972.
In 1973, Sinatra quit his short retirement with a special television show and album. The album, titled Ol 'Blue Eyes Is Back , compiled by Gordon Jenkins and Don Costa, was successful, reaching number 13 on Billboards and number 12 in the UK. Special television, Magnavox Presents Frank Sinatra , unites Sinatra with Gene Kelly. He originally developed a problem with his vocal cords during his comeback for a long period without singing. That Christmas he did at the Hotel Sahara in Las Vegas, and returned to Caesars Palace the following month in January 1974, despite previously vowing to perform there again [sic]. He started what Barbara Sinatra called "a massive comeback tour of the United States, Europe, the Far East, and Australia". In July, during his second Australian tour, he caused a stir by depicting journalists there - who aggressively pursued every move and pushed the press conference - as "bums, parasites, homos, and half-whores". After he was pressed to apologize, Sinatra insisted that journalists apologize for the "fifteen years of persecution I get from the world press". In the end, Sinatra's lawyer Mickey Rudin arranges the last television-broadcast concert to the country, and Sinatra is given the opportunity to say "I like your attitude, I like your booze" to Australians. In October 1974, he appeared in Madison Square Garden of New York City in a television concert which was later released as an album titled The Main EventÃ, - Live . The band's supporters were Woody Herman and Herd Thundering Herd, who accompanied Sinatra on a European tour later that month.
In 1975, Sinatra performed at a concert in New York with Count Basie and Ella Fitzgerald, and in London Palladium with Basie and Sarah Vaughan, and in Tehran at Aryamehr Stadium, giving 140 shows in 105 days. In August he held several consecutive performances at Lake Tahoe along with newly risen singer John Denver, who often became a collaborator. Sinatra has recorded Denver "Leaving the Jet Plane" and "My Sweet Lady" for Sinatra & amp; The company (1971), and according to Denver, the song "A Baby Just Like You" was written at the request of Sinatra for her new granddaughter, Angela. During the Labor Day weekend held in 1976, Sinatra was responsible for reuniting old friends and comedy partners Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis for the first time in nearly twenty years, when they performed at "Jerry Lewis MDA Telethon". That year, Friars Club voted him the "Office Name of the Century Box Against The Century," and he was awarded a Scopus Award by American Friends of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel and an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from the University of Nevada.
Sinatra continued performing at Caesars Palace in the late 1970s, and performed there in January 1977 when his mother, Dolly, died in a plane crash on his way to see him. He canceled two weeks of performances and spent time recovering from the shock in Barbados. In March, she appeared in front of Princess Margaret at Royal Albert Hall in London, raising money for the NSPCC. On March 14, she recorded with Nelson Riddle for the last time, recording the songs Linda , Sweet Loraine , and Barbara . The two men suffered a great fall, and then patched their differences in January 1985 during a dinner organized for Ronald Reagan, when Sinatra asked Riddle to make another album with him. Riddle was sick at the time, and died in October, before they had a chance to record.
In 1978, Sinatra filed $ 1 Ã, million lawsuit against land developer for using his name in "Sinatra Movement Center Sinatra" in West Los Angeles. During a party at Caesars in 1979, he was awarded the Grammy Trustees Award, celebrating 40 years in the show business and his 64th birthday. That year, former President Gerald Ford rewarded the Sinatra International Man of the Year, and he appeared in front of the Egyptian pyramid for Anwar Sadat, who raised more than $ 500,000 for Sadat wife's charity.
In 1980, Sinatra's first album in six years was released, Trilogy: Past Present Future , a very ambitious triple album featuring a series of good songs from the pre-rock and rock era. This is Sinatra's first studio album featuring a tour pianist at the time, Vinnie Falcone, and based on an idea by Sonny Burke. The album garnered six Grammy nominations - won for the best liner notes - and peaked at number 17 on the Billboard album charts, and spawned another song that would be a typical song, "Theme from New York, New York ". That year, as part of the American Concert, he performed at the Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which broke the record for "the largest paid paid audience ever recorded for solo players". The following year, Sinatra builds the success of Trilogy with She Shot Me Down, an album praised for realizing the dark tones of the Capitol for years. Also in 1981, Sinatra was involved in controversy when she worked for ten days to earn $ 2 million in Sun City, in internationally unrecognized Bophuthatswana, breaking the cultural boycott of South Africa in the apartheid era. President Lucas Mangope gave Sinatra the highest award, the Leopard Order, and made him the honorary chief.
Later career (1982-1998)
Santopietro stated that in the early 1980s, Sinatra's voice had been "rough, lost much of its power and flexibility, but the audience did not care". In 1982, he signed a $ 16 Ã, million three-year contract with Golden Nugget from Las Vegas. Kelley notes that in this period Sinatra's voice has grown "darker, harder and more pliable", but he "continues to captivate the audience with his irreversible magic". He added that his baritone voice "is sometimes cracked, but the intonation of the glide still arouses the same excitement as it did at the Paramount Theater". That year, he reported a further $ 1.3 of million of the Showtime television rights to his "American Concert" in the Dominican Republic, $ 1.6 Ã, million for concert series at Carnegie Hall, and $ 250,000 in just one night at the Chicago Fest. He donated much of his income to charity. He appeared in the White House for Italian Prime Minister, and performed at Radio City Music Hall with Luciano Pavarotti and George Shearing.
Sinatra was selected as one of the five recipients of the 1983 Kennedy Center Award, along with Katherine Dunham, James Stewart, Elia Kazan, and Virgil Thomson. Quoting Henry James, President Reagan said in honor of his old friend that "art is the shadow of humanity" and that Sinatra has "spent his life to create incredible and powerful shadows". On September 21, 1983, Sinatra filed $ 2 million, court case against Kitty Kelley, sued her in punitive damages, before her unofficial biography, His Way , even published. This book is a best-seller for "all the wrong reasons" and "the celebrity biography of the most eye-opening time of our time," according to William Safire of The New York Times. Sinatra always insisted that such a book would be written on his terms, and he himself would "record that" in the details of his life. According to Kelley, the family hated him and the book, which was detrimental to Sinatra's health. Kelley claims that Tina Sinatra blamed her for her father's intestine surgery in 1986. She was forced to abort the case on September 19, 1984, with several prominent newspapers expressing concern about her views on censorship.
In 1984, Sinatra worked with Quincy Jones for the first time in nearly two decades on the album, L.A. Was My Lady, who was well received critically. The album is a substitute for another Jones project, a duet album with Lena Horne, to be abandoned. In 1986, Sinatra collapsed onstage while performing in Atlantic City and was hospitalized for diverticulitis, which made her appear weak. Two years later, Sinatra reunited with Martin and Davis, Jr. and went on the Rat Pack Reunion Tour, where they played a number of large arenas. When Martin got off the tour early, a crack developed between them and the two never spoke again.
On June 6, 1988, Sinatra made his final recording with Reprise for an unreleased album. She recorded "My Foolish Heart," "Cry Me A River," and other songs. Sinatra never completed the project, but took the number 18 "My Foolish Heart" probably heard in The Complete Reprise Studio Recordings (1995).
In 1990, Sinatra was awarded the second "Ella Award" by the Los Angeles-based Society of Singers, and performed for the last time with Ella Fitzgerald at the awards ceremony. Sinatra maintained an active tour schedule in the early 1990s, performing 65 concerts in 1990, 73 in 1991 and 84 in 1992 in seventeen different countries.
In 1993, Sinatra returned to Capitol Records and a recording studio for Duets, which became his best-selling album. The album and its sequel, Duets II , released the following year, will see Sinatra recreating its classic recording with popular contemporary artists, adding their vocals to previously recorded recordings. During his tour in the early 1990s, his memory failed at the concert, and he collapsed on stage in Richmond, Virginia, in March 1994. His last public concert was held at the Fukuoka Dome in Japan on December 19-20, 1994. The following year, Sinatra sang for the last time on February 25, 1995, before a direct audience of 1,200 guests was selected at the Desert Palm Hotel Ballroom, on the closing night of the Frank Sinatra Desert Classic golf tournament. Esquire reported the event that Sinatra is "clear, tough, on money" and "in absolute control". Sinatra was awarded the Legend Award at the 1994 Grammy Awards, where he was introduced by Bono, who said of him, "Frank is the chair of a bad attitude... Rock 'n roll playing hard, but this guy is his boss - will not mess with her, will you? "
In 1995, to mark the 80th anniversary of Sinatra, the Empire State Building shone blue. A star-studded birthday award, Sinatra: 80 Years My Way , was held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, featuring artists such as Ray Charles, Little Richard, Natalie Cole and the song Salt-N-Pepa -the song. At the end of the Sinatra program adorned the stage for the last time to sing the last note "The Theme of New York, New York" with an ensemble. In recognition of his years-long relationship with Las Vegas, Frank Sinatra was elected at the Gaming Hall of Fame in 1997.
Arts
While Sinatra has never learned how to read music properly, she has a good and natural understanding of it, and she works very hard from a young age to improve her skills in all aspects of music. He did, however, learn to follow the lead sheet during the show by "carefully following the pattern and grouping the notes arranged on the page" and making his own notation for the music, using his ear to detect semitonal differences. Granata stated that some well-trained musicians soon realized his musical understanding, and said that Sinatra has a "sixth sense", which "shows unusual finesse when it comes to detecting false notes and sounds in the orchestra". Sinatra is a fan of classical music, and often asks for classic tones in his music, inspired by composers such as Puccini and Impressionist masters. His personal favorite is Ralph Vaughan Williams. He will insist on always recording directly with the band because it gives him a "certain feeling" to appear live surrounded by musicians. In the mid-1940s, like his understanding of music that after hearing air checks of some compositions by Alec Wilder for strings and woodwinds, he became a conductor at Columbia Records for six compositions of Wilder: "Air for Oboe", "Water for English Horn" , "Air for Flute", "Air for Bassoon", "Slow Dance" and "Themes and Variations". His works, which combine elements of jazz and classical music, are considered by Wilder as one of the best renditions and recordings of his composition, past or present. At one recording session with the arranger Claus Ogerman and the orchestra, Sinatra heard "some strangers" in the string section, prompting Ogerman to make corrections to what was considered a copyist's fault. Critic Gene Lees, a lyricist and author of words for the melody of Jobim "This Happy Madness", expressed surprise when he heard the Sinatra recording of him in Sinatra & amp; Company (1971), considering he has delivered the lyrics to perfection.
Voice coach John Quinlan was impressed by Sinatra's vocal range, commenting, "He has a lot more voice than anyone thinks he can sound the B-flat voice up in a full voice, and he does not need a mic too". As a singer, at first he was primarily influenced by Bing Crosby, but later believed that Tony Bennett was "the best singer in the business". Bennett also praised Sinatra himself, claiming that as a player, he has "perfected the art of intimacy." According to Nelson Riddle, Sinatra has a "fairly wide voice", remarking that "His voice has a very high-pitched voice on the top list, a subtle lyrical sound in the middle of the list, and a very soft voice below. limited, with an overall sex inflection, showing everything he does from a sexual point of view ". Despite his heavy New Jersey accent, according to Richard Schuller, when Sinatra sang his accent "almost undetectable", with his words being "exact" and "meticulous" articulation. The timing is perfect, allowing him, according to Charles L. Granata, to "play with the melody of the melody, bringing great excitement to read the lyrics". Tommy Dorsey observes that Sinatra will "take the music phrase and play it all the way as if without breathing for eight, ten, maybe sixteen bars." Dorsey had an effect on Sinatra's technique for his vocal sentences with his breath-taking control of the trombone, and Sinatra regularly swam and held his breath under water, thinking of the song's lyrics to increase his breathing power.
Arranger Nelson Riddle and Anthony Fanzo find Sinatra a "self-driving perfectionist and everyone around him nonstop", and stated that his collaborators approached him with anxiety because of his unpredictable and often fickle temperaments. Granata commented that Sinatra was almost obsessively fanatical with perfection to the point that people began to wonder if he really cared about music or showcased his power over others. On days when she felt her voice was not right, she would only know a few notes and postpone recording sessions until the next day, but still pay the musician. After the period of the show, Sinatra tired of singing a particular set of songs and always looking for new talented songwriters and composers to work with. Once he finds out what he likes, he actively strives to work with them as often as possible, and befriends many of them. He once told Sammy Cahn, who wrote the song for Anchors Aweigh, "if you were not there Monday, I was not there Monday". Over the years he recorded 87 Cahn songs, 24 of which were composed by Jule Styne, and 43 by Jimmy Van Heusen. The Cahn-Styne partnership lasted from 1942 to 1954, when Van Heusen succeeded him as Sinatra's main composer. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Sinatra insisted on direct input on the settings and the tempo for his recording. He will spend weeks thinking about the songs he wants to record, and will keep an arranger in mind for each song. If it was a soft love song, he would ask Gordon Jenkins. If it's a "rhythm" number, he'll think about Billy May, or maybe Neil Hefti or some other favorite arranger. Jenkins thinks Sinatra's music is not right. His changes to the Riddle charts will thwart Riddle, but he will usually admit that Sinatra's ideas are superior. Barbara Sinatra notes that Sinatra almost always praises the songwriter at the end of each number, and often comments to the audience, such as "Is not that a beautiful ballad" or "Do not you think it's the most incredible love song", delivered with "childlike favorite ". He states that after every show, Sinatra will be "in a mood, electrically charged, post-show height that will take him hours to step down from as he quietly remembers every note of the show he has just given."
Sinatra's separation with Gardner in the fall of 1953 had a major impact on the type of song he sang and his voice. He began to amuse himself in songs with "melancholy melancholy", such as "I'm Foolish to Wish You", "Do not Worry About Me", "Only and Only Love" and "There Will Never Be Another You", which Riddle is believed to be the direct influence of Ava Gardner.Bahr commented that the new Sinatra is "not a gentle balladeer boy from the forties. The fragility has disappeared from his voice, to be replaced by the joys and pains of adult males. "The author of Granata considers Sinatra a" recording artist ", noting that his work in the studio" made him different from other talented vocalists. "During his career he made more of 1000 recordings, recording sessions will usually last for three hours, although Sinatra will always prepare it by spending at least an hour with the previous piano to voice, followed by a short exercise with an orchestra to ensure sound balance.In his years of colony, Sinatra uses an RCA 44, which Granata describes as an "ancient 'microphone that is closely related to
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