Physical education, also known as Ed Phys. , PE , Gym , or Sport classes , and are known in many Commonwealth countries as physical training or PT , is an education course that deals with the maintenance of the human body through physical exercise (ie gymnastics). This is taken during primary and secondary education and encourages psychomotor learning in the setting of play exploration or movement to improve health.
Video Physical education
Asia
In Singapore, students from primary school through junior colleges are required to have 2 hours of PE each week, except during the examination period. Students can play games such as soccer, badminton, captain ball, and basketball for most of the session. Unusual sports like, fencing, and skateboarding are sometimes played. In more prestigious secondary schools and in junior colleges, sports such as golf, tennis, shooting, and squash are played. The mandatory fitness check, NAPFA, is conducted in each school once a year to assess students' physical fitness. Students are given a series of fitness tests (Pull-up/Tendency pull-ups for girls, long jump stands, sit-ups, sit-and-range and 1.6 km for primers [10 to 12 years]/2.4 km middle and junior college level [13 to 18 years]). Students are judged by gold, silver, bronze or as failing. The NAPFA for pre-registration serves as an indicator for an additional 2 months in the country's mandatory national service if they reach a bronze or fail.
In Malaysia, students from primary to high school are expected to perform 2 periods or 1 hour of PE throughout the year except one week before the exam. In most high schools, games like badminton, sepak takraw, soccer, basketball, basketball and tennis are available. Students are allowed to bring their own gym equipment to schools with teacher authorization.
In the Philippines, PE is compulsory for all years. Except, the school provides an option for students to conduct the Vocational Certification Leasing Program not for the fifth and sixth years. In the Philippines, some schools have integrated martial arts training into their physical education curriculum.
In Indonesia, students ranging from kindergarten to high school have PE integrated with their curriculum. Kindergarten up to Grade 3 of elementary school students has gymnastics, starting from Class 4 Primary School, students will be introduced to traditional Pencak Silat Pencak Silat and some team games such as badminton, soccer, futsal, rounders, basketball, etc. Starting from Junior High School, some other games such as basketball, volleyball, cricket, tennis, badminton, kho kho, kabaddi, etc.. Plays. Some exercises and physical exercises are taught.
Maps Physical education
Australia
In Australia, physical education was first made an important part of the curriculum at the Government primary and secondary schools in 1981. The policy was outlined in the Minister's Statement to the Victorian Legislative Assembly by the Minister of Education Services, Norman Lacy MP on September 17.
North America
Zero Hour is the first pre-school physical education class by Naperville Central High School. In the state of Illinois, this program is known as Learning Readiness P.E. (LRPE). Physical Education Readiness is based on research showing that physically fit students are more academically alert and have growth in brain cells or an increase in brain development. NCHS pair PE classes that combine cardiovascular training, core strength training, cross-lateral movement, and literacy and math strategies with literacy and math classes that utilize movements to improve learning and improve achievement.
In British Columbia, the Canadian government has stated in the first-class curriculum that students must participate in physical activity every day five times a week. Also the teacher is responsible for planning daily Physical Activity (DPA) which is thirty minutes of light to moderate physical activity in a day excluding the physical education class of the curriculum. The curriculum also requires students in first grade to have knowledge about healthy living. For example, students should be able to illustrate the benefits of regular exercise, identify healthy choices that require them to be more physically active, and illustrate the importance of choosing healthy foods.
Ontario, Canada has a similar procedure in place. On October 6, 2005 in Ontario, Canada, the Ontario Ministry of Education (OME) implemented Daily Physical Activity policy in Elementary School, Grades 1-8. This policy requires that all students in Class 1 through 8, including students with special needs, are given the opportunity to participate in at least twenty minutes of moderate sustainability for strong physical activity every school day during instructional time. In the United States, the purpose of physical education is to "develop physically educated individuals who have the knowledge, skills and confidence to enjoy lifelong physical activity."
Europe
In Portugal, students from elementary schools may optionally join PE as an extra-curricular activity. From high school to high school, students must participate in sports classes for two hours per week.
In Scotland, P.E. is a government-backed requirement of at least two hours of P.E quality. in the primary and two periods (50 minutes each) in S1 secondary to S4. Recent funding has ensured that most local authorities have hired lead PE officers to support the requirement. In the fifth and sixth years, PE is voluntary in that personalization and choice must be considered.
In the UK, students are expected to conduct two hours of PE a week in Years 7, 8 and 9 and at least one in 10 and 11 years.
In Wales, students are expected to do two hours of PE a week.
In Poland, students are expected to undertake at least three hours of PE a week during primary and secondary education. Universities must also hold at least 60 hours of physical education classes in undergraduate programs.
Trends
Physical education trends have evolved recently to incorporate a greater range of activities in addition to typical sports. Introducing students to activities such as bowling, walking/hiking, or frisbee at an early age can help students to develop good activity habits that will continue into adulthood. Some teachers even begin to incorporate stress reduction techniques such as yoga, deep breathing and tai chi. Tai chi, an ancient martial art form that focuses on slow meditation movements is a relaxing activity with many benefits for students. Studies have shown that tai chi improves muscle strength and endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and provides many other physical benefits. It also provides psychological benefits such as improving general mental health, concentration, awareness, and positive mood. It can be taught to all students of age with little or no equipment making it ideal for mixed ability and age classes. Tai chi can easily be incorporated into learning bodies and holistic mind units. Teaching non-traditional sports to students can also provide the necessary motivation for students to improve their activities, and can help students learn about different cultures. For example, while teaching a unit about lacrosse in, for example, the Southwest United States, students can also learn about Native American culture of the Northeast and Eastern Canada, where lacrosse originated. Teaching non-traditional (or non-native) sports provides a great opportunity to integrate academic concepts from other subjects as well (social studies from the above example), which may now be required from many P.E. teacher. The four aspects of P.E. physical, mental, social, and emotional.
PE. very important for student health and overall wellbeing. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that over the past three years obesity in children (ages 2-5) and adolescents (ages 12-19) has doubled due to lack of activity and diet. Since the 1970s the number of obese children has tripled. According to the CDC if you are at or above the 95th percentile for your BMI, you are considered fat and if you are between the 85th and 95th percentiles, you are considered overweight. A qualified physical education program will benefit the youth's lifestyle and in many ways already exist. A Good Physical Education Program Provides Structures for students to improve student fitness, positive choices, and setting and achieving goals.
THE FORM OF US National Standard & amp; Class-Level Results for Physical Education K-12 determines what students should know and can do as a result of a highly effective physical education program.
Another trend is the incorporation of health and nutrition into the physical education curriculum. The Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004 requires that all district schools with federally funded school fed programs develop health policies that address nutrition and physical activity. While teaching sports students and movement skills, P.E. teachers now combine short lessons on nutrition and health into the curriculum. This is more common at the primary school level, where students do not have a particular Health class. Recently most primary schools have special health classes for students as well as physical education classes. With recent outbreaks of disease like swine flu, the school district makes it compulsory for students to learn about practicing good hygiene along with other health topics. Currently many countries require teachers of Physical Education to be certified to teach Health subjects. Many colleges and universities offer Physical Education and Health as a certification. This drive towards health education begins at the intermediate level, including lessons on bullying, self-esteem and stress and anger management.
Studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between brain development and exercise.
Incorporating local wisdom into physical education can generate a wealth of meaningful experiences and ways of learning about other cultures. For example, by incorporating the traditional knowledge of various indigenous groups from across Canada the student may be exposed to many concepts such as holistic learning and the wheel of medicine. A unit can be focused on connecting to a place or feeling while outdoors, participating in a traditional game, or outdoor environmental education. These types of lessons can be easily integrated into other parts of the curriculum and give Aboriginal students the opportunity to combine their culture in the local school community
Studies have been conducted in how physical education can help improve academic achievement. In a 2007 article, researchers found enormous profits in students who had English language skills who had 56 hours of physical education in a year compared with students who had 28 hours of physical education per year.
In Brazil, the physical education curriculum is designed to enable school students to gain a variety of modern opportunities, including sports. They say they offer martial arts classes, such as wrestling in the United States, and Pencak Silat in France, Indonesia, and Malaysia, are taught to teach children to defend themselves and feel good about themselves. The physical education curriculum is designed to enable students to experience at least minimum exposure for the following categories of activities: water sports, conditioning activities, gymnastics, individual/double sports, team sports, rhythm, and dance.
In these areas, the sequence of planned learning experiences is designed to support the development of student progress. This allows children through the 6th grade to be introduced to sports, fitness and teamwork to be better prepared for middle and high school ages. In 1975, the House of Representatives of the United States voted to require that the physical education classes of the school include both sexes. Some middle schools and some middle-high school classes are one gender. Requiring individuals to participate in physical education activities, such as dodging balls, flag soccer, and other competitive sports remains a controversial subject because these social impacts have cases of cultivated physical education programs.
Technology usage in physical education
New technology in education plays a big role in the classroom. One of the most affordable and effective is a simple video recorder. Using a video recorder, students can see the mistakes they make in things like throwing or swinging moves. Studies show that students find this more effective than asking someone to try to explain what they did wrong, and then try to fix it. Educators have also found the use of other technologies such as pedometers and heartbeat monitors is very successful, using them to make heart rate and goal for students.
Other technologies that can be used in Physical Education settings will include video projectors, GPS and even game systems like Kinect, Wii Fit and Dance Dance Revolution. The projector can be used to show students things like the right shape or how to play a particular game. The GPS system can be used to keep students active in outdoor settings and active exergames can be used by teachers to show students a good way to stay fit inside and outside of the classroom settings.
Another type of technology commonly used in Physical Education is the use of a pedometer. Pedometers do not always track how far a person will go, but it lets them know the number of steps they make.
See also
- Health
- Sports Day
- Recreation
- Lack of physical education
Footnote
Further reading
- Martha H. Verbrugge, Active Agency: The History of Physical Education of Women in America Twentieth Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
External links
- Ã, "Athletic Education". Encyclopedia Americana . 1920.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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