Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. ONH (August 17, 1887 - June 10, 1940) was a supporter of Black nationalism in the United States and most importantly Jamaica. He is the leader of a mass movement called Pan-Africanism and he founded the Universal Negroid Enhancement Association and the African Community League (UNIA-ACL). He also established the Black Star Line, the cruise line and the passengers that promote the return of African diaspora to their ancestral land. Although most Black American leaders condemned his methods and support for racial segregation, Garvey attracted many followers. The Black Star Line went bankrupt and Garvey was jailed for mail fraud in the sale of his shares. His movement then quickly collapsed.
Prior to the 20th century, leaders such as Prince Hall, Martin Delany, Edward Wilmot Blyden, and Henry Highland Garnet advocated the involvement of African diaspora in African affairs. Garvey is unique in advancing the Pan-African philosophy to inspire the global mass movement and economic empowerment that focuses on Africa known as Garveyism. Promoted by UNIA as an African Redemption movement, Garveyism will eventually inspire others, from the Nation of Islam to the Rastafari movement (which states Garvey as a prophet).
Garveyisme meant the descendants of Africans in the diaspora to "redeem" the African nations and for European colonial powers to leave the continent. His essential ideas about Africa are expressed in an editorial on Negro World titled "African Fundamentalism," in which he writes: "Our unity must know there is no time, limitations, or nationalities... to let we are together under all climes and in every country... "
Video Marcus Garvey
Initial years
Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. was born as the youngest of the eleven children at St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica, to Marcus Mosiah Garvey Sr., the mason, and Sarah Jane Richards, a domestic worker. Only he, and his sister, Indiana, survived into adulthood. Her family is financially stable given the circumstances of this time period. Garvey's father had a great library, and it was from his father that Marcus got his love for reading. He also attended elementary school at St. Ann's Bay during his youth. While attending these schools, Garvey first began experiencing racism. At the age of 14, Marcus became a printer apprentice. In 1903, he went to Kingston, Jamaica, and soon became involved in union activities. In 1907, he took part in a failed printer strike and his experience gave him a passion for political activism. In 1910, Garvey left Jamaica and began traveling throughout Central America. His first stop was Costa Rica, where he had a maternal uncle. He lived in Costa Rica for several months and worked as a time keeper on a banana plantation. He began work as an editor for a daily newspaper called La Nacionale in 1911. Later that year, he moved to ColÃÆ'³n, Panama, where he edited a biweekly newspaper, before returning to Jamaica in 1912. Over time, Marcus Garvey became influenced by many civil rights activists of his time. He eventually combined the economic nationalist ideas of Booker T. Washington and Pan-Africanists with the political and urban lifestyle of men and women living outside the plantation and colonial communities.
After many years working in the Caribbean, Garvey left Jamaica to live in London from 1912 to 1914, where he studied at Birkbeck College, taking law and philosophy classes. He also worked for the African Times and Orient Review, published by DusÃÆ' Â © Mohamed Ali, who had a great influence on the young man. Garvey sometimes speaks in Hyde Park Speaker's Corner.
Maps Marcus Garvey
Organization UNIA
In 1914, Garvey returned to Jamaica, where he organized the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). In an article entitled "The Greatest Enemy of Negroes", published in Current History (September 1923), Garvey explains the origin of the organization's name:
Where did the organization name come from? Speaking to a West Indian Negro who was a passenger with me from Southampton, who returned to the West Indies from Basutoland with his Basuto wife, I learned more about the horrors of indigenous life in Africa. He told me horrible and sad stories that made my heart bleed in me. Quitting from conversation to my cabin, all the next day and night I pondered the subject, and in the middle of the night, lying on my back, visions and thoughts came to me that I should name the organization of the Negro Universal Improvement Association and the African Communities (Imperial) League. Such a name I think will embrace the goals of all black humans. So for the world, a name is born, a movement is created, and a man becomes known.
After corresponding with Booker T. Washington, head of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama and an African-American leader in the United States, Garvey traveled by ship to the United States, arriving on March 23, 1916 aboard the SS Tallac. He intends to hold a lecture tour and raise funds to set up a school in Jamaica that mimics the Washington Institute. Garvey visited Tuskegee, and afterwards, visited a number of black leaders. Throughout his life, Garvey and UNIA used organizational resources to give people of African academic opportunities in the academic field that he felt would not be provided otherwise.
After moving to New York, he found a job as a printer during the day. He was influenced by Hubert Harrison. At night he talks on street corners, like he did in Hyde Park London. Garvey thought there was a leadership vacuum among African Americans. On May 9, 1916, he held his first public lecture in New York City at St Mark in-the-Bowery Church and toured 38 countries.
The following year in May 1917, Garvey and the other thirteen formed the first UNIA division outside of Jamaica in Harlem. They began to develop ideas to promote social, political, and economic freedom for blacks. On July 2, riots of East St. Louis broke. On July 8, Garvey delivered a speech, entitled "The Conspiracy of St. Louis' East Unrest", at Lafayette Hall in Harlem. In his speech, he claimed the unrest was "one of the bloodiest of anger toward mankind", condemning the American claim to represent democracy when blacks were victimized "for no other reason than black are seeking industrial opportunities in their own country working for three hundred years to be great ". This is "a time to raise one's voice against the savagery of those who claim to be democratic regulators". In October, a grudge within the UNIA began to emerge. The split took place in the Harlem division, with Garvey listed to be its leader; although technically he holds the same position in Jamaica.
Garvey is working to develop a program to improve the conditions of ethnic Africans "at home and abroad" under the auspices of UNIA. On August 17, 1918, he began publishing the widely distributed Newspapers of Newspapers in New York. Garvey worked as an unpaid editor until November 1920. He used Negro World as a platform for his views to foster the growth of UNIA. In June 1919, membership of the organization has grown to more than two million, according to his notes.
On June 27, 1919, UNIA established its first business, combining the Delaware Star Black Line, with Garvey as President. In September, the first ship was acquired. A lot of fanfare surrounds the S.S. Yarmouth and filling it as S.S. Frederick Douglass on September 14, 1919. Such rapid achievement attracted the attention of many people. The Black Star line also forms fine wines, using grapes harvested only in Ethiopia. During the first year, the sale of Black Star Line shares earned $ 600,000. They had many problems over the next two years: mechanical damage to their vessels, what was said to be the result of incompetent workers, and poor record keeping. The officers were eventually accused of fraudulent mail.
Investigation, arrest, and assassination attempt
Edwin P. Kilroe, Assistant District Attorney at New York County Attorney's Office, began an investigation into UNIA activities. He never filed a lawsuit against Garvey or any other officer. After being summoned to Kilroe's office many times for questioning, Garvey wrote an editorial about the activities of the DA assistant for Negro World. Kilroe had Garvey arrested and was charged for a criminal slander but dismissed the allegations after Garvey published his retraction.
On October 14, 1919, Garvey received a visit at his Harlem office from George Tyler, who claimed Kilroe "had sent him" to get the leader. Tyler drew a.38 caliber revolver and fired four shots, injuring Garvey in his right leg and scalp. Secretary Garve Amy quickly arranged for Garvey to be taken to the hospital for treatment, and Tyler was arrested. The next day, Tyler committed suicide by jumping from the third level of Harlem prison when he was taken to his charges.
Growth
In August 1920, UNIA claimed four million members. The amount is questioned because of the organization's poor record. That month, the UNIA International Convention was held. With delegates from around the world in attendance, 25,000 people filled Madison Square Garden on August 1, 1920 to hear Garvey speak. Over the next few years, Garvey's movement was able to attract large numbers of followers. The reasons for this include the cultural revolution of the Harlem Renaissance, a large number of West Indians who immigrated to New York, and the call of the slogan "One God, One Destination, One Destiny," to black veterans of the First World War.
Garvey also established a business, Negro Factories Corporation. He plans to expand his business to produce every commercially marketable commodity in every US industrial center, as well as in Central America, West Indies, and Africa. Related efforts include shopping chains, restaurants, publishers, and other businesses.
Convinced that blacks should have a permanent homeland in Africa, Garvey sought to develop Liberia. It was founded by the American Colonization Society in the 19th century as a colony to liberate blacks from the United States. Garvey launched the Liberian program in 1920, which was intended to build universities, industrial plants, and railroads as part of an industrial base to operate. He left the program in the mid-1920s after much opposition from European powers with interests in Liberia. Responding to American suggestions that he wanted to bring all the Diaspora Africans back to Africa, he wrote, "We do not want all the Negroes in Africa, some are not good here, and of course there is no point there.
UNIA held an international convention in 1921 at Madison Square Garden, New York City. Also represented at the convention are organizations such as the Universal Black Cross Nurse, Flying Black Eagle Corps, and the Universal African Legion. Garvey attracted over 50,000 people to the event and in his fight. The UNIA has more than one million members paying taxes at its peak. National level support in Jamaica helped Garvey become one of the 20th most influential leaders in the 20th century on the island.
Marriage and family
At the age of 32 years in 1919, Garvey married his first wife, Amy Ashwood Garvey. Amy Ashwood Garvey is also the founder of UNIA-ACL. They divorced in 1922. Amy Ashwood is an active activist, social activist and activist of Pan-Africanism for women's rights.
In 1922, he remarried, to Amy Jacques Garvey, who worked as his secretary general. They have two sons, Marcus Mosiah Garvey III, born 17 September 1930, and Julius Winston Garvey (born in 1933 on the same date). Amy Jacques Garvey plays an important role in his career, and will be a leader in the Garvey movement. He was instrumental in teaching people about Marcus Garvey after he died.
Views on communism
Garvey is known as a prominent political figure because of his determination to fight for African-American unity by creating the Universal Negroid Enhancement Association and garnering support to gather supporters. With this group he touches many topics such as education, economics, and independence. An important aspect of his career is his thinking about communism. Garvey feels that communism will be more beneficial to whites by solving their own political and economic problems, but will further limit the success of blacks to rise together. He believed that the Communist Party wanted to use the African-American voice "to destroy and overthrow" the white capitalist majority to "put the majority or racial group in power, not just communist but as white" (Jacques-Garvey 1969). The Communist Party wants to have as many supporters as possible, even if it means blacks, but Garvey downplayed this. Communists, as he sees, white people who want to manipulate blacks so they can continue to have control over them. Garvey said, "This is a dangerous theory of economic and political reform as it seeks to put the government in the hands of the ignorant white masses who have not been able to destroy their natural prejudices against other Negro and non-white people, while it may be a good thing for they, it would be a bad thing for Negro people who would fall under the government of the least caring, prejudiced white race "(Nolan, 1951).
Conflict with Du Bois and more
On October 4, 1916, the Daily Gleaner in Kingston published a letter written by Raphael Morgan, a Jamaican-American pastor of the Ecumenical Patriarch, along with more than a dozen other like-minded Jamaicans who wrote in for protested Garvey's lecture. Garvey's view of Jamaica, they felt, damaged the reputation of their homeland and its people, cited some objections to Garvey's preference for white American prejudice against white English. Garvey's response was published a month later: he called the letter a fabrication of a conspiracy intended to undermine the success and goodness he gained while in Jamaica and in the United States.
While WEB Du Bois feels that the Black Star Line is "genuine and promising", he adds that "Marcus Garvey is, without a doubt, the most dangerous enemy of the Negro race in America and in the world He is a madman or a traitor." Du Bois regarded Garvey's program as a complete separation as capitulation for white supremacy; a tacit recognition that the Blacks could never be equivalent to whites. Noting how popular the idea is with racist thinkers and politicians, Du Bois worries that Garvey threatens the gains made by his own movements.
Garvey suspects that Du Bois is prejudiced against him because he is a Caribbean native with darker skin. Du Bois once described Garvey as "a small, fat, ugly man, but with smart eyes and a big head". Garvey calls Du Bois "pure and simple white man negro" and "little Dutch, little French, little Negro... mulatto... monstrosity". This led to a fierce relationship between Garvey and the NAACP. In addition, Garvey accused Du Bois of paying the conspirators to sabotage the Black Star Line to destroy his reputation.
Garvey acknowledged the influence of the Ku Klux Klan and, after the Black Line of Stars was closed, attempted to engage the South in its activism, as UNIA now had no special program. In early 1922, he went to Atlanta for a conference with the KKK imperial giant Edward Young Clarke, who sought to advance his organization in the South. Garvey made a number of burning speeches in the months leading up to the meeting; in some, he thanked the white people for Jim Crow. Garvey once stated: "I consider the Clan, Anglo-Saxon club and the White American community, as far as Negro is concerned, as better-than-race friends than all the other hypocritical whites are united in. I love fairness and fair play You may call me a Clan if you will, but, potentially, every white person is a Clan as far as Negroes in competition with whites socially, economically and politically, and there is no point in lying. "
After Garvey joined the Klan, a number of African-American leaders appealed to US Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty to get Garvey jailed.
Filling email scams
In a memorandum dated October 11, 1919, J. Edgar Hoover, special assistant to the Attorney General and head of the General Intelligence Division (or "anti-radical division") of the Bureau of Investigation or BOI (after 1935, the Federal Bureau of Investigation), wrote to Special Agent Ridgely about Garvey: "Unfortunately, however, he [Garvey] has never violated federal law where he can be processed on the grounds of being an undesirable alien, from a deportation point of view."
Around November 1919, the BOI began an investigation of Garvey and UNIA activities. To achieve this goal, BOI hired James Edward Amos, Arthur Lowell Brent, Thomas Leon Jefferson, James Wormley Jones, and Earl E. Titus as his first five African-American agents. Despite initial efforts by the BOI to find a reason to deport Garvey as "undesirable aliens", allegations of letter fraud were filed against Garvey in connection with the sale of Black Star Line shares after the US Post Office and the Attorney General took part in the investigation.
The accusation centers on the fact that the company has not yet purchased the vessel, which appears in the BSL brochure dotted with the name "Phyllis Wheatley" (after African-American poets) on his bow. The prosecutor stated that a ship depicted by that name had not actually been bought by BSL and still had the name "Orion" at the time; so the misappropriation of the ship as BSL's ship is a fraud. The brochure was produced to anticipate the purchase of the ship, which seemed almost complete at the time. However, "Phyllis Wheatley's registration to the Black Star Line is thrown into pause as there are still some clauses in the contract that need to be agreed upon." In the end, the ship was never registered to BSL.
District Attorney's assistant, Leo Healy, who had, before becoming District Attorney, an attorney with Harris McGill and Co., the first vessel salesman, SS Yarmouth , to Black Star Line Inc. , was a key witness for the government during the trial. Garvey chose to defend himself. In the opinion of his biographer, Colin Grant, Garvey's "way of fighting" alienates the jury. "In Garvey's three hour-long closing address, he describes himself as an unfortunate and unselfish leader, surrounded by incompetent people and thieves.... Garvey is a hostile person where there may be grace, humility and even humor is called to it ". Lawyers who defend one of the other demands take a different approach, stressing that so-called fraud is nothing more than a naive fault, and that there is no criminal conspiracy. "The truth is there is no such thing as any conspiracy. [But] if the charges were handed against the defendants for being rude, mismanagement, or showing bad judgment, they would plead guilty." Of the four Black Star Line officers charged with the company, only Garvey was found guilty of using the mail service to cheat. His supporters called the experiment a fake.
At the National Conference of Negro Improvement Association Universal in 1921, a Los Angeles delegation named Noah Thompson spoke on the floor complaining about the lack of transparency in the group's financial accounts. When the account is set up, Thompson highlights some parts with what he feels is irregularity. But while there are serious accounting irregularities in the Black Star Line and the claims he uses to sell Black Star Line stocks can be considered misleading, Garvey's supporters argue that prosecutors are a politically motivated miscarriage.
When the trial ended on June 23, 1923, Garvey had been sentenced to five years in prison. Garvey blames Jewish judges and Jewish federal judge Julian Mack for his beliefs. He feels that they have been biased because of their political objections to his encounter with the imperial wizard who acted from the Ku Klux Klan the year before. In 1928, Garvey told a reporter: "When they wanted to get me, they asked a Jewish judge to try me, and a Jewish prosecutor I would be released but two Jews in the jury detained me for ten hours and managed to convict me. , where the Jewish judge gave me the maximum penalty. "
He initially spent three months in Tombs Prison awaiting approval of the bail. While on bail, he continues to maintain his innocence, traveling, speaking and organizing the UNIA. After various appeals were unsuccessful, he was taken into custody and began serving his sentence at the Federal Prison of Atlanta on 8 February 1925. Two days later, he wrote his famous message "The First Message to the Negroes of the World From Atlanta Jail" ", where he made the famous proclamation: "Seek me in a whirlwind or storm, look for me around you, for, with God's grace, I will come and bring millions of black slaves who have died in America. and the West Indies and millions of people in Africa to assist you in the struggle for Freedom, Freedom and Life. "
Professor Judith Stein has stated, "His politics are on trial." Garvey's sentence was finally lightened by President Calvin Coolidge. After being released in November 1927, Garvey was deported through New Orleans to Jamaica, where a large crowd met him at Orrett's Wharf in Kingston. Although the popularity of UNIA was greatly reduced after Garvey's expulsion, he remained committed to his political ideals.
Next year
In 1928, Garvey went to Geneva to present the Negro Race Petition. This petition underscores the misuse of Africans worldwide to the League of Nations. In September 1929, he founded the People's Political Party (PPP), Jamaica's first modern political party, focusing on workers' rights, education and assistance to the poor. Also in 1929, Garvey was elected a board member for Allman City Division in Kingston and St. John. Andrew Corporation (KSAC). In July 1929, the Jamaican property of UNIA was seized on the orders of the Chief Justice. Garvey and his lawyers tried to persuade people not to bid for confiscated items, claiming the sale was illegal and Garvey made a political speech in which he referred to a corrupt judge. As a result, he was cited for court humiliation and again appeared before the Supreme Judge. He received a prison sentence, as a result he lost his seat. However, in 1930, Garvey was re-elected, unopposed, along with two other PPP candidates.
In April 1931, Garvey launched the Edelweiss Entertainment Company. He organizes companies to help artists get their livelihood from their craft. Some Jamaican entertainers - Kidd Harold, Ernest Cupidon, Bim & amp; Bam, and Ranny Williams - continues to be popular after receiving the company's initial exposure. In 1935, Garvey left Jamaica for London. He lived and worked in London until his death in 1940. For the past five years, Garvey remained active and connected with events in war-torn Ethiopia (later known as Abyssinia) and in the West Indies. In 1937, he wrote the poetry of Ras Nasibu Of Ogaden in honor of the Army's Ethiopian Army Commander (Race ). In 1938, he gave evidence before the Royal Indian Commission on the conditions there. Also in 1938 he founded the School of African Philosophy in Toronto to train UNIA leaders. She continues to work in The Black Man magazine.
While imprisoned Garvey has been in contact with Segregationist Earnest Sevier Cox who is lobbying for legislation to "repatriate" African Americans to Africa. Garvey's philosophy of black race independence can be combined with Cox's White Nationalism - at least in sharing common goals from the African Homeland. Cox dedicates his short pamphlet "Let My People Go" to Garvey, and Garvey in return to advertise Cox's "White America" ​​book in UNIA publications.
In the summer of 1936, Garvey traveled from London to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, for five days of speeches and appearances. The Negro Improvement Association Universal has purchased a hall at College Street in the city and a convention was held, in which Garvey was the keynote speaker. His five-day visit is front page news.
In 1937, a group of Garvey rivals called the Ethiopian Peace Movement openly collaborated with US Senators from Mississippi, Theodore Bilbo, and Earnest Sevier Cox in promoting the repatriation scheme introduced in the US Congress as the Greater Liberian Act. Bilbo, a staunch supporter of segregation and white supremacy and, intrigued by black separatist ideas like Garvey, proposed an amendment to the federal employment bill on June 6, 1938, which proposed to deport 12 million black Americans to Liberia with federal costs to reduce unemployment. He took the time to write a book titled Take Your Choice, Separation or Mongrelization , advocated the idea. Garvey praised him in retaliation, saying that Bilbo had "done really well for Negroes". During this period, Evangeline Rondon Paterson, the future grandmother of New York State's 55th Governor, David Paterson, served as his secretary.
Death
Garvey died in London on June 10, 1940, at the age of 52, after suffering two strokes, allegedly after reading the error, and negative, his obituary in Chicago Defender in January of the same year, stating, in part, that Garvey died " , alone and unpopular ". Due to the travel ban during World War II, his body was buried (no burial mentioned but preserved in lead coffin) under the cryptic basement of St. John's Cemetery. Mary in London near Kensal Green Cemetery. Twenty years later, his body was removed from the basement shelves and taken to Jamaica, where the government proclaimed him as the first national hero of Jamaica and buried him in a temple in the National Heroes Park.
In London the blue plaque is placed outside the house where Garvey once lived on 53 Talgarth Road, Kensington, and a second blue plaque placed outside 2 Beaumont Crescent, London, the UNIA offices where Marcus Garvey and UNIA members performed their work. There is also a small park named after him between North End Road and Hammersmith Road near Olympia, and a library at Tottenham.
Influence
Schools, colleges, highways, and buildings in Africa, Europe, the Caribbean and the United States have been named in his honor. The red, black, and green flags of UNIA have been adopted as the Flag of Black Liberation. Since 1980, the Garvey statue has been stored at the Organization Hall of Heroes of the United States in Washington, D.C.
The parents of Malcolm X, Earl and Louise Little, met at an UNIA convention in Montreal. Earl is the president of the UNIA division in Omaha, Nebraska, and sells the Negro World newspaper, where Louise covers the activities of UNIA.
Kwame Nkrumah named the Ghana national shipping line the Black Star Line in honor of Garvey and UNIA. Nkrumah also named the national football team Black Stars as well. The black star at the center of the Ghana flag is also inspired by the Black Star.
During a trip to Jamaica, Martin Luther King and his wife Coretta Scott King visited Garvey's temple on June 20, 1965 and laid a wreath. In a speech he told the audience that Garvey "was the first person to have the color to lead and develop a mass movement." He was the first man on a scale and level of mass to give millions of Negroes a sense of dignity and destiny and make the Negro feel he was someone. "
King was the first recipient of the first Marcus Garvey Prize for Human Rights on December 10, 1968, issued by the Jamaican Government and handed over to the King's widow. In 2002, Molefi scholars Kete Asante registered Garvey into the list of 100 Greatest African Americans.
The Obama administration refused to forgive Garvey in 2011, writing that his policy did not consider the request for posthumous pardon.
There are several proposals to make a biography of Garvey's life. Those mentioned in connection with Garvey's role have included Jamaican-born actor Kevin Navayne and the Jamaican-born British actor Delroy Lindo.
Garvey as a religious symbol
Rastafari
Rastafari regards Garvey as a religious prophet, and sometimes even the reincarnation of Saint John the Baptist. This is partly because of his frequent statement in speeches throughout the 1920s, usually along the lines of "Look to Africa, when a black king will be crowned, for the day of liberation is near!"
His conviction greatly affected Rastafari, who took his statement as a prophecy about the coronation of Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia. The beginning of Rastas is associated with the Back-to-Africa movement in Jamaica. This early Rastafari movement was also influenced by the separate proto-Rasta movement known as the Afro-Athlican Church outlined in religious texts known as the Holy Piby - where Garvey was proclaimed a prophet as well. Garvey himself never identifies himself with the Rastafari movement, and, in fact, was raised as a Methodist who later became a Roman Catholic.
Temple of the Moor of America
The members of the Moorish American Science Temple honor Marcus Garvey as a "Saint John the Baptist" like "the predecessor of the founding of the Prophet of their organization, Noble Drew Ali, as seen in Chapters 48: 2-3 of their scriptures:
"John the Baptist was the pioneer of Jesus at that time, to warn and raise the nation and prepare them for the acceptance of the divine faith that Jesus had to teach.In this modern age came the forerunner, divinely prepared by the great God-God and his name was Marcus Garvey.... "
Jamaica
Garvey was given a great advantage as a national hero during the Jamaican movement towards independence. Thus, he has many tributes there. The first is the Garvey statue and temple in Kingston National Hero Park. Among the rewards to him in Jamaica is his name at the Jamaican Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the main highway carrying its name and the Marcus Garvey Scholarship can be maintained at West Indies University sponsored by the Jamaican National Association of Supportive Organizations, Inc. (NAJASO) since 1988.
The birthplace of Garvey, 32 Market Street, St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica, has a marker that marks it as an important place in the nation's history. The resemblance is on a 20 dollar coin and a 25-cent coin. Garvey's admission may be most significant in Kingston, Jamaica.
Africa
Garvey's memory is maintained in several locations in Africa. Nairobi, Kenya and Enugu, Nigeria has streets that bear its name, while the Khayelitsha municipality, Cape Town, South Africa, lays its name throughout the neighborhood. Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria has a library named for him. The Garvey statue was created and exhibited in a park in the central region of Ghana, along with one of Martin Luther King.
English
Garvey's influence is recognized through a number of sites in the UK, most of which are in London:
- The Marcus Garvey library is inside the Tottenham Green Leisure Center building in North London.
- There is a street named Marcus Garvey Way in Brixton, London, and Marcus Garvey Mews in East Dulwich, London.
- The blue marks mark 53 Talgarth Road, Hammersmith, London, as his residence.
GARVEY, Marcus (1887-1940) Leader of Pan-Africanist, died here, 53 Talgarth Road, W14. [Hammersmith and Fulham 2005]
- The Marcus Garvey Center in Lenton, Nottingham, England, is named in his honor
- There is a Garvey statue in Green Library Willesden, Brent, London.
- There is a memorial park behind Hammersmith Road, named after Marcus Garvey Park.
- The West Brompton train station toilet contains a picture of street artist from Garvey's portrait.
United States
The United States is a country where Garvey not only became famous, but also cultivated many of his ideas.
The Brownsville neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York City, is home to Marcus Garvey Village, whose construction was completed in 1976. The building complex is home to the storage of the first energy microgrid at an affordable residential property in the country. It will use energy storage systems to cut electricity costs, increase network reliability, and provide backup power during extended shutdowns.
Harlem, in New York City, is the site of UNIA Liberty Hall and many important events in Garvey's life. There is a park with its name and a branch of the New York Public Library dedicated to it, as well. A main street bears his name in the Brooklyn Bedford Stuyvesant African-American neighborhood.
Marcus Garvey Cultural Center, University of North Colorado (Greeley, Colorado). National Association of Jamaican and Supportive Organizations Inc. (NAJASO) was founded on 4 July 1977 in Washington DC), based in the United States, named the Annual Scholarship that can be maintained at the University of the West Indies since 1988, Marcus Garvey Scholarship. Marcus Garvey Festival every year on the third weekend of August at Basu Natural Farms, in Pembroke Township, Illinois. The Universal Hip Hop Parade is held annually in Brooklyn on Saturday before its birthday to use popular culture as a tool of empowerment and to encourage the growth of Black institutions. Since 1980, the Garvey statue has been stored at the Organization Hall of Heroes of the United States in Washington, D.C.
Canada
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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