Led Zeppelin was a British rock band formed in London in 1968. The group consisted of guitarist Jimmy Page, singer Robert Plant, bassist and keyboardist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham. The heavy sound of guitar-driven guitars has made them known as one of the ancestors of heavy metals. Their style draws from a wide range of influences, including blues, psychedelia, and folk music.
After renaming them from New Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin signed an agreement with Atlantic Records that gave them considerable artistic freedom. Although the group was initially unpopular with criticism, they achieved significant commercial success with albums such as Led Zeppelin (1969), Led Zeppelin II (1969), Led Zeppelin (1977), Physical Graffiti (1975), Led Zeppelin IV (1971), < i> Presence (1976) and In Through the Out Door (1979). Their fourth album, featuring the song "Stairway to Heaven", is one of the most popular and influential works in rock music, and it helps to secure the group's popularity.
Page writes most of Led Zeppelin's music, especially early in their careers, while Plant generally provides the lyrics. Jones's keyboard-based compositions then became the center of the group catalog, which featured an increase in experimentation. The last half of their career saw a series of record-breaking tours that made this group a reputation for excellence and debauchery. Although they remained commercially and highly successful, their tour results and schedules were limited during the late 1970s, and the group broke up following Bonham's death from alcohol-related asphyxia in 1980. In the following decades, sporadically surviving members collaborated and participate in one-receive Led Zeppelin reunion. The most successful was the 2007 Tribute Concert Ahmet Ert in London, with Jason Bonham taking the place of his late father behind the drums.
Led Zeppelin is widely regarded as one of the most successful, innovative, and influential rock groups in history. They are one of the best selling music artists in the history of audio recording; various sources estimate group record sales at 200 to 300 million units worldwide. With RIAA certified sales of 111.5 million units, they are the second best-selling band in the US. Each of their nine studio albums were placed in the top 10 of the Billboard album chart and six reached number one. They reached eight British number one albums in a row. The Rolling Stone magazine described them as "the heaviest band of all time", "the greatest band of the Seventy", and "no doubt one of the most enduring bands in rock history". They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995; the museum biography of the band stated that they were "equally influential" during the 1970s like the Beatles in the 1960s.
Video Led Zeppelin
History
Formation
In 1966, London-based session guitarist Jimmy Page joined the blues-influenced rock band Yardbirds to replace bassist Paul Samwell-Smith. Page immediately switched from bass to lead guitar, creating a dual lead guitar line-up with Jeff Beck. Following Beck's departure in October 1966, the Yardbirds, who were exhausted by continuous touring and recording, began to slacken. Page wants to form a supergroup with him and Beck on guitar, and Who's Keith Moon and John Entwistle on drums and bass, respectively. Vocalists Steve Winwood and Steve Marriott are also considered for this project. The group never formed, although Page, Beck, and Moon recorded a joint song in 1966, "Beck's Bolero", in a session that also included bassist-keyboardist John Paul Jones.
The Yardbirds played their last show in July 1968 at Luton College of Technology in Bedfordshire. They are still committed to several concerts in Scandinavia, so drummer Jim McCarty and vocalist Keith Relf official Page and bassist Chris Dreja use the name "The Yardbirds" to fulfill the band's obligations. Page and Dreja start creating new lists together. Page's first choice for vocalist was Terry Reid, but Reid rejected the offer and suggested Robert Plant, singer for Band of Joy and Hobbstweedle. Plant finally accepted the position, recommending former band drummer Band of Joy, John Bonham. Jones asked about the vacant position at his wife's suggestion after Dreja quit the project to become a photographer. Page had known Jones as they were both session musicians and agreed to let him join as the last member.
The four played together for the first time in a room under a record store on Gerrard Street in London. Page suggested that they tried "Train Kept A-Rollin '", originally a blue jump song popularized in rockabilly by Johnny Burnette, which had been borne by the Yardbirds. "As soon as I heard John Bonham play," Jones recalls, "I know it will be great... We are locked together as a team soon". Before leaving for Scandinavia, the group took part in a recording session for the album P. J. Proby, Three Week Hero . The album track "Jim's Blues", with Plant on harmonica, is the first studio track featuring the four future members of Led Zeppelin.
The band completed a Scandinavian tour as New Yardbirds, playing together for the first time in front of a live audience at Gladsaxe Teen Clubs in Gladsaxe, Denmark, on September 7, 1968. Later that month, they began recording their first album, which was based on their live set. The album was recorded and mixed in nine days, and Page covered the cost. After the album finished, the band was forced to change their name after Dreja issued a stop and stop letter, stating that Page was allowed to use New Yardbirds moniker for Scandinavian dates only. One account of how the newly chosen band name was held was that the Moon and Entwistle had suggested that the supergroup with Page and Beck would drop like a "lead balloon", an expression for catastrophic results. The group dropped 'a' in lead at the advice of their manager, Peter Grant, so those unfamiliar with the term would not pronounce it "leed". The word "balloon" is replaced by "zeppelin", a word which, according to music journalist Keith Shadwick, carries the "perfect combination of weight and light, combustible nature and grace" for Page's mind.
In November 1968, Grant earned a $ 143,000 advance contract from Atlantic Records, which is the biggest deal for the new band. Atlantic is a label with catalogs mainly blues, souls, and jazz artists, but in the late 1960s they became interested in progressive British rock action. Record executives sign Led Zeppelin without ever seeing him. Under the terms of their contract, the band has autonomy in deciding when they will release albums and tours, and has final decisions on the content and design of each album. They will also decide how to promote each release and which songs will be released as singles. They form their own company, Superhype, to handle all publishing rights.
Initial years: 1968-1970
The band embarked on their first tour of the UK on October 4, 1968, still billed as New Yardbirds; they played their first show as Led Zeppelin at the University of Surrey in Battersea on October 25th. Tour manager Richard Cole, who will be the main character in the life of the group tour, organizes their first North American tour later in the year. Their debut album, Led Zeppelin , was released in the US during the tour on January 12, 1969, and reached number 10 on the Billboard chart ; released in the UK, where it peaked at number 6, on March 31. According to Steve Erlewine, impressive guitar riffs, slow pace, psychedelic blues, groovy, bluesy shuffles and British guidance, made him "a significant turning point in the evolution of hard rock and heavy metal".
In their first year, Led Zeppelin completed four US concert tours and four UK, and also released their second album, Led Zeppelin II . Recorded mostly on the road in various North American studios, it was a commercial success bigger than their first album, and reached the number one position in the US and UK. The album further developed most of the blues-rock music styles established in their debut release, creating a "heavy and loud, brutal and direct" sound, and which will be very influential and often imitated. Steve Waksman suggested that Led Zeppelin II is "the starting point of music for heavy metal".
The band saw their album as inseparable, complete listening experience, did not like the editing of existing songs to be released as singles. Grant maintains an aggressive pro-album stance, especially in Britain, where there are several radio and TV outlets for rock music. Without band approval, however, some songs were released as singles, especially in the US. In 1969, an edited version of "Whole Lotta Love", a song from their second album, was released as a single in the US. It reached number four on the Billboard chart in January 1970, selling over a million copies and helping to strengthen the band's popularity. The group is also increasingly shy away from television appearances, citing their preferences that their fans hear and see them in live concerts.
After the release of their second album, Led Zeppelin completed several other US tours. They played initially in clubs and ballrooms, and then in larger auditoriums as their popularity grew. Some of Led Zeppelin's early concerts lasted more than four hours, with an expanded live version and improvisation of their repertoire. Many of these events have been preserved as pirated footage. It was during the intensive concert tour period that the band developed a reputation for excess beyond the stage.
In 1970, Page and Plant retired to Bron-Yr-Aur, a secluded cottage in Wales, to start work on their third album, Led Zeppelin III . The result was a more acoustic style that was heavily influenced by folk and Celtic music, and showed off the band's versatility. The rich acoustic sound of the album initially received mixed reactions, with critics and fans surprised at the turn of the main electrical arrangements of the first two albums, which further fueled the band's hostility to the music press. It reached number one on the UK and US charts, but his stay will be the shortest of their first five albums. The album's opening song, "Imigrant Song", was released as a US single in November 1970 against the band's wishes, reaching the top twenty on the Billboard chart.
"World's Largest Band": 1971-1975
During the 1970s, Led Zeppelin achieved a new level of commercial and critical success that made them one of the most influential groups of our time, surpassing their previous achievements. The band's image also changes as members begin to wear elaborate and flamboyant outfits, with Page leading on a flamboyant appearance wearing sparkling moon-and-star clothing. Led Zeppelin changed their show by using things like laser, professional light show and mirror ball. They started traveling on a private jet, Boeing 720 (nicknamed Starship), rented out entire hotels (including Continental Hyatt House in Los Angeles, known as "Riot House"), and became the subject of the party story often repeated. One of those involved John Bonham rides a motorcycle through the rented floor of Riot House, while the other involves the destruction of space at the Hilton Tokyo, which causes the group banned from the establishment to live. Although Led Zeppelin developed a reputation for contaminating their hotel suites and throwing televisions out of windows, some suggested that these stories have been exaggerated. According to music journalist Chris Welch, "The [Led Zeppelin] journey raises many stories, but it is a myth that [they] are constantly involved in the act of rogue destruction and obscene behavior".
Led Zeppelin released their fourth album on November 8, 1971. Responding to the treatment they received from critics, especially after Led Zeppelin III , the band decided to release their fourth untitled album, though it was variously referred to as Led Zeppelin IV , Untitled , IV , or, because four symbols appear on the record label, as Four Symbols , Zoso or Rune . Besides having no titles, the original cover did not show the band name, because the group wanted to be anonymous and to avoid pigeonholing easily by the press. With 37 million copies sold, Led Zeppelin IV is one of the best-selling albums in history, and its enormous popularity cemented Led Zeppelin's status as a superstar in the 1970s. In 2006, it has sold 23 million copies in the United States alone. The song "Stairway to Heaven", never released as a single, was the most requested song and played on American rock radio in the 1970s. The group followed up album releases with tours from the UK, Australasia, North America, Japan, and the UK again from late 1971 to early 1973.
The next Led Zeppelin album, Houses of the Holy , was released in March 1973. It featured further experiments by the band, which expanded the use of mellotron synthesis and orchestra. The orange-dominated album cover, designed by the London-based Hipgnosis design group, depicts images of naked children climbing the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland. Although the children were not shown from the front, the cover was controversial at the time of the album's release. Like the band's fourth album, both their names and their album titles are printed on sleeves.
The House of the Holy topped the charts around the world, and the band's next concert tour in North America in 1973 broke the record for attendance, as they consistently filled large auditoriums and stadiums. At Tampa Stadium in Florida, they played for 56,800 fans, breaking the record set by the 1965 Shea Stadium The Beatles concert and a gross income of $ 309,000. Three sold-out shows at Madison Square Garden in New York City were filmed for a movie, but the theatrical releases of this project (The Song Remains Same ) were postponed until 1976. Prior to the last night of performance, $ 180,000 of money band from the gate receipt stolen from the safe deposit box at Drake Hotel.
In 1974, Led Zeppelin took a break from touring and launched their own record label, Swan Song, which was named after an unreleased song. The record label logo, based on an image titled Evening: Fall of Day (1869) by William Rimmer, displays a picture of Apollo. Logos can be found on Led Zeppelin memorabilia, especially T-shirts. In addition to using Swan Song as a vehicle to promote their own album, the band expanded the list of labels, signed artists such as Bad Company, Pretty Things, and Maggie Bell. The label was successful while Led Zeppelin existed, but folded less than three years after they disbanded.
In 1975, Led Zeppelin's double album Physical Graffiti was their first release on the Swan Song label. It consists of fifteen songs, of which eight have been recorded at Headley Grange in 1974 and seven have been recorded previously. A review in Rolling Stone magazine refers to Physical Graffiti as Led Zeppelin's "bid for artistic honor", adding that the only Zeppelin-led band has to compete with the title "The Band Rock the World's Best "is the Rolling Stones and the Who. The album was a huge success commercially and critically. Shortly after the release of Physical Graffiti, all of Led Zeppelin's previous albums simultaneously re-entered the top-200 album chart, and the band embarked on another North American tour, now using sophisticated sound and lighting systems. In May 1975, Led Zeppelin played five sold-out nights at Earls Court Arena in London, at the time of Britain's largest arena.
Hiatus from tour and return: 1975-1977
After their performances at the triumphant Earls Court, Led Zeppelin took a vacation and planned an autumn tour in America, which is scheduled to open with two open dates in San Francisco. However, in August 1975, Plant and his wife Maureen were involved in a serious car accident while on holiday in Rhodes, Greece. The plant suffered an ankle fracture and Maureen was seriously injured; blood transfusion saves his life. Unable to tour, he headed to Jersey Channel Island to spend August and September recuperating, with Bonham and Page in tow. The band then reunited in Malibu, California. During this time a forced hiatus of material for the next album, Presence , was written.
At this time, Led Zeppelin was the number one rock attraction in the world, having sold more bands at the time, including the Rolling Stones. Presence , released in March 1976, marks a change in Led Zeppelin's voice in a simpler direction, guitar-based jam, which departs from the acoustic ballads and complex arrangements that were featured on their previous albums. Although it is a platinum seller, Attendance receives mixed reactions between fans and the music press, with some critics pointing out that the band's overload may have overtaken them. Page has started using heroin during the recording sessions for the album, a habit that may have affected the band's live performances and studio recordings, although this has been rejected by Page.
Due to Plant injury, Led Zeppelin did not tour in 1976. Instead, the band completed the concert film The Song Remains the same and the accompanying soundtrack album. The film premiered in New York City on October 20, 1976, but was warmly welcomed by critics and fans. The film is very unsuccessful in Britain, where, unwilling to tour since 1975 because of their tax exile status, Led Zeppelin faces a tough struggle to recapture the public's attention.
In 1977, Led Zeppelin embarked on another major concert tour in North America. The band set up another attendance record, with 76,229 hearings at their Silverdome concert on April 30th. That is, according to the Guinness Book of Records, the greatest presence on that date for a one-act show. Although the tour was financially rewarding, he was beset by trouble offstage. On April 19, more than 70 people were arrested because about 1,000 fans tried to install the Cincinnati Riverfront Coliseum gatecrash for two sold-out concerts, while others tried to get in by throwing stones and bottles through the glass doors. On June 3, the concert at Tampa Stadium was cut short due to a severe thunderstorm, even though the tickets showed "Rain or Shine". Riots broke out, causing arrests and injuries.
After the July 23 show at the Festival Day on the Green at the Oakland Coliseum in Oakland, California, Bonham and Led Zeppelin support staff members were arrested after a member of the promoter's staff Bill Graham was badly beaten during the band's performance. The second Oakland concert the following day was the group's last appearance in the United States. Two days later, when they checked in at the French Quarter hotel for their July 30th performance at the Louisiana Superdome, Plant received word that his five-year-old son Karac had died of a stomach virus. The rest of the tour was soon canceled, prompting widespread speculation about Led Zeppelin's future.
Bonham's death and split: 1978- 1980
In November 1978, the group was recorded at Polar Studios in Stockholm, Sweden. The resulting album, In Through the Out Door , featured a sonic experiment which again drew diverse reactions from critics. Nevertheless, the album reached number one in the UK and US in just the second week of its release. With the release of this album, the entire Led Zeppelin catalog returned to the Top 200 Billboard on the week of October 27 and November 3, 1979.
In August 1979, after two warm-up shows in Copenhagen, Led Zeppelin held two concerts at the Knebworth Music Festival, playing for a crowd of about 104,000 on the first night. A brief and brief European tour was conducted in June and July 1980, featuring a stripped-out set without long hours and a casual solo. On June 27, at a performance in Nuremberg, Germany, the concert suddenly stopped in the middle of the third song, when Bonham collapsed onstage and was rushed to the hospital. Media speculation claimed that the collapse was a result of excessive use of alcohol and drugs, but the band claimed that he had eaten too much.
The North American tour, the first band since 1977, is scheduled to start on October 17, 1980. On September 24, Bonham was picked up by Led Zeppelin's assistant Rex King to attend the rehearsals at Bray Studios. During the trip, Bonham asks to stop for breakfast, where he drops four quadruple vodka (from 16 to 24Ã, Â ° flÃ, oz (470 to 710Ã, ml)), with ham rolls. After biting the ham roll, he said to his assistant, "breakfast". He continued to drink heavily after arriving at the studio. The practice was suspended that afternoon and the band retired to Page's home - Old Mill House in Clewer, Windsor.
After midnight, Bonham, who was asleep, was taken to bed and placed at his side. At 1:45 pm the following day, Benji LeFevre (new tour manager Led Zeppelin) and John Paul Jones found Bonham dead. The cause of death is shortness of breath caused by vomit; the finding was an accidental death. The autopsy found no other recreational drug in Bonham's body. Although recently started taking Motival (fluphenazine antipsychotic cocktail and nortriptyline tricyclic antidepressant) to counter his anxiety, it is unclear whether this substance interacts with alcohol in his system. The remains of Bonham were cremated and the ashes were spread on October 12, 1980, at the parish church of Rushock, Worcestershire.
The planned North American tour was canceled, and despite rumors that Cozy Powell, Carmine Appice, Barriemore Barlow, Simon Kirke, or Bev Bevan will join the group as his successor, the remaining members decide to disband. A press statement on December 4, 1980 stated that, "We want to know that the loss of our good friend, and the deep sense of the undivided harmony that we feel for ourselves and our managers, has made us decide that we can not continue as we are." it was signed only "Led Zeppelin".
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1980s
After the dissolution of Zeppelin, the first important project for its members was Honeydrippers, originally formed by Plant in 1981, and which released its only album in 1984. The group featured Page in the lead guitar, along with studio musicians and friends from couples, including Jeff Beck, Paul Shaffer, and Nile Rodgers. Plants are focused on different directions of Zeppelin, the standard of play and in the style of R & amp; B, was highlighted by the cover of "Sea of ​​Love" which peaked at number three on the Billboard chart at the beginning of 1985.
Coda - Uncensored Zeppelin collections and unused tracks - was released in November 1982. These included two songs from the Royal Albert Hall in 1970, each from Led Zeppelin III and the Sanctuary session, and three of the sessions In Through Out Door . He also featured the instrumental drum Bonham 1976 with an electronic effect added by Page, called "Bonzo's Montreux".
On July 13, 1985, Page, Plant, and Jones reunited for the Live Aid concert at JFK Stadium, Philadelphia, playing a short set featuring drummers Tony Thompson and Phil Collins, and bassist Paul Martinez. Collins has contributed to Plant's first solo album while Martinez was a solo band member of Plant. The show was undermined by a lack of practice with two drummers, page struggles with inappropriate guitars, poorly functioning monitors, and Plant's hoarseness. The page describes performance as "fairly shambolic", while Plant categorizes it as "cruelty".
The three members reunited on May 14, 1988, for the Atlantic's 40th Anniversary Records concert, with Bonham's son, Jason on drums. The results are again disjointed: Plant and Page have debated immediately before taking the stage on whether to play "Stairway to Heaven", and Jones's keyboard is absent from direct television feeds. Page described the performance as "a big disappointment" and Plant said "the show was cheating".
1990s
The first set of Led Zeppelin boxes, featuring a remastered track under Page supervision, was released in 1990 and reinforced the band's reputation, leading to a failed discussion among members about the reunion. This set includes four previously unreleased songs, including Robert Johnson's "Traveling Riverside Blues" version. The song peaked at number seven on the Billboard Rock Albums chart. 1992 saw the release of "Immigrant Song"/"Hey, Hey, What Can I Do" (original B side) as a single CD in the US. Led Zeppelin Boxed Set 2 was released in 1993; two sets of boxes together containing all known studio recordings, as well as some rare live songs.
In 1994, Page and Plant reunited for the 90-minute "UnLedded" MTV project. They then released an album titled No Quarter: Jimmy Page and Robert Plant Unledded, featuring a few reworked Led Zeppelin songs, and embarked on a world tour the following year. This was said to be the beginning of the rift between band members, as Jones was not even notified of the reunion.
In 1995, Led Zeppelin was inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame USA by Steven Tyler and Joe Perry of Aerosmith. Jason and ZoÃÆ' Â «Bonham are also present, representing their late father. At the induction ceremony, the inner rift of the band became clear when Jones joked upon receiving his award, "Thank you, my friends, for finally remembering my phone number", causing the fear and awkward appearance of Page and Plant. After that, they played a brief set with Tyler and Perry, with Jason Bonham on drums, and then second with Neil Young, this time with Michael Lee playing the drums.
In 1997, Atlantic released one edition of "Whole Lotta Love" in the US and UK, the only band released in their homeland, where it peaked at number 21. November 1997 saw the release of Led Zeppelin BBC Session , two floppy disks that were mostly recorded in 1969 and 1971. Page and Plant released another album called Walking to Clarksdale in 1998, showing all the new material, but after a disappointing sale, the partnership broke up. before the planned Australian tour.
2000s
2003 saw the release of triple live album How the West Was Won, and Led Zeppelin DVD, a chronological set of six hours of live footage that became the best-selling DVD music in history. In July 2007, Atlantic/Rhino and Warner Home Video announced three Zeppelin titles to be released in November: Mothership , the best 24-track covering the band's career; reissue soundtrack Song Stay Same , including previously unreleased material; and new DVDs. Zeppelin also makes their catalogs legally available for digital downloads, becoming one of the last big rock bands to do so.
On December 10, 2007, Zeppelin reunited for the Tribute Concert Ahmet Ertegun at the O2 Arena in London, with Jason Bonham again taking his father's place in drums. According to Guinness World Records 2009 , this event set a record for "Highest Demand for Ticket for One Music Concert" because 20 million requests have been submitted online. Critics praised the performance and there is widespread speculation about the full reunion. Page, Jones and Jason Bonham are reportedly willing to tour, and to work on material for the new Zeppelin project. Plant continued his tour with Alison Krauss, declaring in September 2008 that he would not record or tour the band. "I told them that I was busy and they just had to wait," he recalled in 2014. "I'm finally coming, they're fine - at least as far as I know, but it turns out they are not, and even more sadly, Jimmy uses it to fight me. "
Jones and Page reportedly sought a Plant replacement; candidates including Steven Tyler of Aerosmith, and Myles Kennedy of Alter Bridge. However, in January 2009, it was confirmed that the project had been abandoned. "Getting a chance to play with Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones and Jason Bonham is pretty special," Kennedy recalled. "It's quite a distance there, it's a crazy and good experience, it's something I still think about a lot... It's very valuable to me."
2010s and so on
A movie of O2 appearance, Celebration Day , aired on October 17, 2012 and was released on DVD on November 19th. The film earned $ 2 million in one night, and the live album peaked at number 4 and 9 in the UK and US, respectively. Following the premiere of the film, Page revealed that he had remastered the band's discography. The first wave of albums, Led Zeppelin , Led Zeppelin II , and Led Zeppelin III , was released on June 2, 2014. The second wave of the album, > Led Zeppelin IV and Holy House , was released on October 27, 2014. Graffiti Physical was released on February 23, 2015, almost exactly forty years after the release original. The fourth and final wave of the studio album was reissued, Presence , In Through the Out Door , and Coda , was released on July 31, 2015.
Through this remastering project, each studio album is re-published on CD and vinyl and is also available in Deluxe Edition, containing bonus discs from previously unheard material ( Coda's Deluxe Edition will include two bonuses of discs). Each album is also available in Super Deluxe Edition Box Set, which includes remastered and bonus discs on 180 grams of CD and vinyl, a high-definition audio download card of all content at 96 kHz/24 bit speed, hard book restrictions full of photos and memorabilia rare and previously invisible, and high quality prints from the original album cover.
On November 6, 2015, the compilation Mothership was re-issued using a newly remastered audio track. The reissuing campaign continues next year with the re-release of the BBC Sessions on September 16, 2016. The re-shares contain bonus disks with nine unreleased BBC recordings, including a very laborious but never officially released "Sunshine Woman ".
To commemorate the band's 50th anniversary, Page, Plant and Jones announce an official picture book celebrating 50 years since the band's creation. Also released for the celebration was a reissue of How West Was Won on March 23, 2018, which included the first album pressed on vinyl.
On April 21, 2018, on the same day as Store Recording Day, Led Zeppelin released their 7th single "" Friends "(Olympic Studio Mix)" Rock, Roll, "their first single in 21 years.
Maps Led Zeppelin
Music styles
Led Zeppelin music is rooted in blues. The influence of American blues artists such as Muddy Waters and Skip James is very evident on their first two albums, such as country blues style different from Howlin 'Wolf. The songs are arranged around twelve-bar blues on every studio album except one, and blues directly and indirectly affect other songs both in music and lyrics. The band is also heavily influenced by the music of the revivals of the British, Celtic, and American people. Scottish folk guitarist Bert Jansch helped inspire Page, and from him he adapted open barrages and aggressive scratches into his game. The band also attracted a variety of genres, including world music, and early rock and roll, jazz, country, funk, soul, and reggae elements, especially in the Houses of the Holy and albums. followed.
The material on the first two albums was largely built out of the standard long blues jam and folk songs. This method leads to mixing musical and lyrical elements of different songs and versions, as well as improvisational parts, to create new material, but will lead to allegations of plagiarism and legal disputes over copyright. Usually music is developed first, sometimes with improvised lyrics that may then be rewritten for the final version of the song. From a visit to Bron-Yr-Aur in 1970, the songwriting partnership between Page and Plant became dominant, with Page supplying music, mostly through his acoustic guitar, and Plant appearing as the band's primary lyricist. Jones and Bonham are then added to the material, in practice or in the studio, as a song is developed. In the later stages of the band's career, Page took a back position in composition and Jones became increasingly important in producing music, often composed on keyboards. Plant will then add the lyrics before Page and Bonham expand their share.
The early lyrics drew on the blues of music and the roots of the people, often mixing lyrical fragments of different songs. Many of the band's songs relate to themes of romance, unrequited love and sexual conquest, which is common in rock, pop and blues music. Some of their lyrics, especially those from the blues, have been interpreted as misogynists. Especially in Led Zeppelin III, they incorporate elements of mythology and mysticism into their music, much of which grew out of Plant's interest in legend and history. These elements are often taken to reflect Page's interest in the occult, leading to allegations that the record contains subliminal demon messages, some of which are said to be contained in backmasking; This claim is generally dismissed by band and music critics. Susan Fast argues that when Plant emerged as the band's main lyricist, the songs more clearly reflected his alignment with the West Coast counter-culture in the 1960s. At the end of the band's career, Plant's lyrics become more autobiographical, and less optimistic, describing his own experience and circumstances.
According to music expert Robert Walser, "The sound of Led Zeppelin is marked by speed and strength, unusual rhythmic patterns, contrasting dynamics, singer Robert Plant's vocal vocals, and the highly distorted crisis of Jimmy Page guitarist". These elements mean that they are often referred to as one of the ancestors of hard rock and heavy metal and they have been described as "definitive heavy metal bands", although band members often distance themselves from labels. Part of this reputation depends on the use of distorted guitar riffs on songs like "Whole Lotta Love" and "The Wanton Song". Often riffs are not duplicated by guitars, bass, and drums, but instead there are variations of melody or rhythmic; as in "Black Dogs", in which three different time signatures are used. The guitar pages play the elements incorporated in the blues scale with eastern music. The use of plants from high pitched screams has been compared with Janis Joplin's vocal technique. Drummer Bonham is renowned for his strength, fast rolls and quick taps on a single drum bass. Jones's bass line has been described as melodic and its keyboard game adds a classic touch to the sound of the band.
Page states that he wants Led Zeppelin to produce music that has "light and shadow". This starts more clearly starting with Led Zeppelin III , which uses more acoustic instruments. This approach has been seen as exemplified in the fourth album, especially on "Stairway to Heaven", which begins with an acoustic guitar and recorder and ends with drums and heavy electrical noise. Toward the end of their recording career, they moved to a softer and progressive voice, dominated by Jones's keyboard motif. They are also increasingly utilizing various layering and production techniques, including multi-tracking and too many guitar parts. Their emphasis on the sense of dynamism and ensemble arrangement has been seen as generating an individualistic style that transcends a single musical genre. Ian Peddie argues that they are "... hard, strong and often heavy, but their music is also funny, self-reflective and very subtle".
Legacy
Led Zeppelin is widely regarded as one of the most successful, innovative, and influential bands in the history of rock music. Rock critic Mikal Gilmore says, "Led Zeppelin - talented, complex, grasping, beautiful and dangerous - makes one of the most enduring compositions and performances in twentieth century music, regardless of everything they have to master, including themselves."
Led Zeppelin has influenced hard rock and heavy metal bands such as Deep Purple, Black Sabbath, Rush, Queen, Aerosmith, Black Crowes, and Megadeth as well as progressive metal bands such as Tool and Dream Theater. They influenced several early punk and post-punk bands, among them Ramones, Joy Division and Cult. They were also an important influence on the development of alternative rock, as the bands adapted elements of "Zeppelin sound" from the mid-1970s, including Smashing Pumpkins, Nirvana, Pearl Jam, and Soundgarden. Bands and artists of various genres have acknowledged the influence of Led Zeppelin, such as Madonna, Shakira, Lady Gaga, Kesha, and Katie Melua.
Led Zeppelin has been credited with a major impact on the nature of the music business, particularly in the development of album-oriented rock (AOR) and rock stadiums. In 1988 John Kalodner, who at the time was an executive of A & amp; R from Geffen Records, says that "In my opinion, in addition to The Beatles they are the most influential band in history, affecting the way music on recordings, AOR radio, concerts they set the standard for AOR-radio format with 'Stairway to Heaven , 'with AOR hits without having to have 40 Top hits.They are the ones who do the first big concert show, consistently selling and playing stadiums without support People can do as good as they are, but nothing goes beyond them. Andrew Loog Oldham, former producer and manager of the Rolling Stones, commented on how Led Zeppelin had a major impact on the recording business, and how rock concerts were managed and presented to many audiences.
The band has sold over 200 million albums worldwide by some sources, while others claim they have sold more than 300 million records, including 111.5 million units certified in the United States. According to the Recording Industry Association of America, Led Zeppelin is the second highest selling group, fourth highest music action in the United States, and one of three actions to earn five or more Diamond albums. They reached eight consecutive numbers on the UK Albums Chart, a record for the UK's number one most-shared album with ABBA. Led Zeppelin remains one of the most passionate performers in the history of rock music.
Led Zeppelin also made a significant cultural impact. Jim Miller, editor of Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & amp; Scroll , argues that "at one level, Led Zeppelin represents the final splitting of the sixties psychedelic ethic, which throws stones as passive sensory involvement". Led Zeppelin has also been described as a "classic supplier" of masculine and aggressive rock rock, although this claim has been challenged. The band's fashion sense has been seminal; Simeon Lipman, head of pop culture at Christie's auction house, commented that "Led Zeppelin has a big influence on fashion because the whole aura around them is so cool, and people want that part". Led Zeppelin laid the foundations for the great hair of 1980s glam metal bands such as MÃÆ'¶tley CrÃÆ'¼e and Skid Row. Other musicians have also adapted the elements of Led Zeppelin's attitude to clothing, jewelry and hair, such as flare hipster and tight T-shirts from Kings of Leon, disheveled hair, t-shirts and bluesman hair from Jack White of the White Stripes. , and Kasabian silk scarf guitarist Sergio Pizzondo, trilbies and tight jeans.
Achievements
Led Zeppelin has garnered many awards and awards throughout their career. They were inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, and UK Music Hall of Fame in 2006. Among the band awards were the American Music Awards in 2005, and the Polar Music Awards in 2006. Led Zeppelin was the recipient of the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005, and four of their recordings have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. They have been awarded five Diamond albums, as well as fourteen Multi-Platinum, four Platinum albums and one Gold in the United States, while in the UK they have five Multi-Platinum, six Platinum, one Gold and four Silver albums. In addition to listing their five albums among the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time", Rolling Stone named Led Zeppelin as the 14th greatest artist of all time in 2004.
In 2005, Page was appointed as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in recognition of his work, and in 2009 Plant was honored as Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his services on popular music. The band was ranked number one on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock and the 50 Best Live Action of All Time. They were crowned the best Rock band in a poll by BBC Radio 2. They were awarded the Ivor Novello Award for "Outstanding Contribution to British Music" in 1977, and the "Lifetime Achievement Award" at the 42nd Ivor Novello ceremony in 1997. The band was honored at the MOJO Awards 2008 with a "Best Live Act" prize for their one-off reunion, and was described as "the greatest rock and roll band of all time". The three surviving members (Page, Plant and Jones) are named as the recipients of Kennedy Center Honors 2012.
Discography
- Led Zeppelin (1969)
- Led Zeppelin II (1969)
- Led Zeppelin III (1970)
- Untitled album [ Led Zeppelin IV ] (1971)
- Holy House (1973)
- Physical Graffiti (1975)
- Attendance (1976)
- In Through the Out Gate (1979)
- Coda (1982)
Members
- Members of the band
- Robert Plant - main vocal, harmonica, percussion
- Jimmy Page - guitar, backing vocals
- John Paul Jones - bass, keyboard, mandolin, backing vocals
- John Bonham - drums, percussion, backing vocals
- Guest live performances
- Tony Thompson - drum (1985)
- Phil Collins - drum (1985)
- Paul Martinez - bass (1985)
- Jason Bonham - drums, percussion, backing vocals (1988, 1995, 2007)
- Michael Lee - drum (1995)
See also
- List of Led Zeppelin songs written or inspired by others
- Zeppelin cover and tribute
Note
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
- Official website
- Led Zeppelin at Atlantic Records The
- Led Zeppelin channel on YouTube (Official)
- Led Zeppelin in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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