Japanese New Year ( ?? , Sh? Gatsu ) is an annual festival with its own habits. Since 1873, the official Japanese New Year has been celebrated according to the Gregorian calendar, on January 1 of each year, New Year's Day ( ?? , Ganjitsu ) . However, many traditional Japanese New Year events are still celebrated on the first day of this year in modern Tenp? calendar, the last official lunisolar calendar used until 1872 in Japan.
Video Japanese New Year
History
Before the Meiji period, the New Year's date of Japan has been based on the Japanese version of the lunisolar calendar (the latter is the Tenp calendar) and, before J? Ky? calendar, Chinese version. However, in 1873, five years after the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese adopted the Gregorian calendar and the first day of January became the official New Year Day and culture in Japan.
Maps Japanese New Year
Traditional food
The Japanese eat a selection of dishes during a New Year celebration called osechi-ry? Ri ( ???? or ) , usually shortened to osechi. Many of these dishes are sweet, sour, or dry, so they can remain uncharmed - a culinary tradition dates back to the time before housekeeping has a refrigerator, when most shops are closed for the holidays. There are many variations of osechi , and some foods eaten in one area are not eaten elsewhere (or are considered unprofitable or even prohibited) on New Year's Day. The other popular dish is oz? Ni ( ??? ) , soup with mochi rice cakes and different ingredients based on various regions in Japan. Today, sashimi and sushi are often eaten, as well as non-Japanese food. To let an overworked belly, seven-herb rice soup ( ??? , nanakusa-gayu ) was set up on the seventh day of January, the day known as jinjitsu ( ?? ) .
Mochi
Another habit is to make and eat rice cakes (? , mochi ) . Boiled sticky rice ( ?? , mochigome ) inserted into wooden container usu (? ) and tap water by one person while others hit him with a big wooden hammer. Pounding rice, it forms a sticky white dumpling. It was made before New Year's Day and was eaten during early January.
Mochi is made into a New Year's decoration called kagami mochi ( ?? ) , formed from two round mochi cakes with tangerine ( , daidai ) placed above. The name daidai should be profitable because it means "several generations."
Bell rings
At midnight on December 31st, Buddhist temples throughout Japan rang their bells as much as 108 times (????
Postcards
The end of December and early January is the busiest time for the Japanese post office. The Japanese have a habit of sending New Year's Day postcards ( ??? , nengaj? ) to their friends and relatives, similar to the Western custom of sending Christmas cards. Their initial goal is to give your distant friends and family news about yourself and your immediate family. In other words, this habit exists for people to tell others they do not often meet that they are alive and well.
The Japanese sent this postcard so they arrived on 1 January. The post office guarantees to deliver a greeting postcard on January 1 if they are posted within the time limit, from mid-December to near the end of the month and marked with the word nengaj? . To deliver these cards on time, the post office usually hires part-time students to help deliver letters.
It is customary not to send this postcard when someone has experienced death in the family during that year. In this case, family members send a simple postcard called moch? hagaki ( ???? , postcard mourning) to tell their friends and family should not send New Year cards, in honor late.
People get nengaj? from various sources. Stationery sells preprinted cards. Most have Chinese New Year zodiac signs as their designs, or conventional greetings, or both. The Chinese zodiac has a 12-year cycle. Each year is represented by an animal. The animals, in the order: Rats, Cows, Tigers, Rabbits, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Chick, Dog, and Pig. 2008 is the year of Rat, 2009 Ox, 2010 Tiger, 2011 Rabbit, 2012 Dragon, and 2013 is the year of Snake. Notable characters like Snoopy, (2006) and other cartoon characters such as Mickey and Minnie Mouse, (2008) have been very popular in their famous years.
Handling is generally done by hand, and is an opportunity to demonstrate someone's handwriting (see shod? ). The postcard may have room for the sender to write a private message. Empty cards are available, so people can write their own hands or drawing. Rubber stamps with conventional messages and with annual animals are sold in department stores and other outlets, and many people buy ink brushes for personal greetings. Special printing devices are very popular, especially among people who practice handicrafts. The software also allows artists to create their own designs and display them using their computer color printers. Since a gregarious individual may have hundreds to write, the print shops offer a variety of postcard samples with short messages so the sender simply writes the address. Even with the increasing popularity of email, nengaj? remains very popular in Japan, although the younger generation hardly send any cards, preferring to exchange digital greetings using their phones. In recent years this digital speech preference has gradually been accepted among the public.
The conventional greetings include:
- kotoshi mo yoroshiku o-negai-shimasu ( ???????????? ) (Hope you get more support in the coming year)
- (shinnen) akemashite o-medet? -gozaimasu ( (??) ??????????????? ) (Happiness for you at dawn [of the New Year])
- kinga shinnen ( ???? ) (Happy New Year)
- wounded? ( ?? ) (to celebrate January)
- shoshun/hatsuharu ( ?? ) (literally "early spring", in a traditional lunar calendar year starting in early spring)
- geishun ( ?? ) (to welcome spring) Otoshidama
- ? Misoka, New Year's Eve celebration in Japan
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- Namahage
- Chinese New Year Celebration in other parts of Asia:
- Lunar New Year (Spring Festival)
- Korean New Year (Seollal)
- Mongolian New Year (Tsagaan Sar)
- Tibetan New Year (Losar)
- Vietnamese New Year (T? t)
- Similar Chinese Lunar New Year celebrations in April:
- Burmese New Year (Thingyan)
- Cambodian New Year (Chaul Chnam Thmey)
- New Year Lao (Pii Mai)
- Sri Lanka New Year (Aluth Avuruddu)
- Thai New Year (Songkran)
On New Year's Day, the Japanese have a habit of giving money to children, known as otoshidama . These are distributed in small, ornately-decorated envelopes called pochibukuro , similar to Sh? Gi-bukuro or hÃÆ'³ngb? O China and on handp Scotland. In Edo's time, big shops and rich families handed out a small bag of Chinese mochi and oranges to spread happiness around them. The amount of money given depends on the age of the child but is usually the same if there is more than one child so no one feels underestimated. This is unusual for an amount greater than 5,000 (US $ 47.16) for granted.
Poems
The New Year tradition is also part of Japanese poetry, including haiku (poetry with 17 syllables, in three rows five, seven and five) and renga (related poetry). All of the above traditions would be appropriate to be incorporated into haiku as kigo (word of season). There is also a haiku that celebrates many of the "firsts" of the New Year, such as "first sun" ( hatsuhi ) or "first sunrise", "first laughter" ( waraizome - start the New Year with a smile is considered a good sign), and the first dream ( hatsuyume ). Since the traditional New Year at the end of the year from the current date, many of these mention early spring.
Along with New Year postcards, haiku may mention "first letter" ( hatsudayori - meaning first letter exchange), "first calligraphy" ( kakizome ), and "first brush "( fude hajime ).
Games
It was also a habit to play many New Year games. These include hanetsuki, takoage, kite, fukuwarai (where the blindfold puts a piece of paper from the face, such as eyes, eyebrows, nose and mouth, on paper), and karuta .
Entertainment
There are many events created as year-end entertainment, and the beginning of the year, and some being special editions of regular performances. For decades, it has become a habit to watch TV shows K? Haku Uta Gassen that aired on NHK on New Year's Eve. The show features two teams, red and white, popular music artists competing against each other.
Sports
The Emperor's Cup Final, a national football elimination tournament (soccer) in Japan, takes place on New Year's Day, generally at the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo, although it can be moved if the stadium is being renovated. The final has been going on New Year's Day since 1969 and is usually aired on NHK.
Beethoven's Ninth
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, with its accompanying choir, has traditionally been conducted throughout Japan during the New Year's season. In December 2009, for example, there were 55 symphonic performances by various major orchestras and choirs in Japan.
The ninth was introduced to Japan by German prisoners of war held in Japan during World War I. The Japanese orchestration, especially the NHK Symphony Orchestra, began performing symphonies in 1925. During World War II, the imperial government promoted symphonic performances. , including on New Year's Eve, to encourage allegiance to Japanese nationalism. After the war, the orchestra and chorus, experienced difficult economic times during the Japanese reconstruction, promoted performances from pieces around the New Year due to the popularity of music with the public. In the 1960s, symphonic performances in the New Year became wider, including participation by local choirs and orchestras, and formed a tradition that continues to this day.
Little New Year
There are also related festivals of Little New Year ( ??? , kosh? Gatsu ) , traditionally celebrates the first full moon of the new year, on the 15th day of the first lunar month (around mid-February). It's now occasionally celebrated on January 15th, in many ways. The main event of Kosh? Gatsu is the ceremony and practice of praying for the abundant harvest; rice porridge with beans adzuki ( ??? , azukigayu ) traditionally eaten in the morning and was involved in a rice porridge forecast ceremony. Furthermore, New Year's decorations are drawn around this date, and some temples hold events, such as in T'inin-in.
This corresponds to the Chinese Lantern Festival.
See also
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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