The Honda Civic Hybrid is a variation of the Honda Civic with a hybrid electric powertrain. Honda introduced the Civic Hybrid in Japan in December 2001 and stopped it in 2015. In the United States, it was the first hybrid car to be certified as an Advanced Technology Partial Zero-Emissions Vehicle (AT-PZEV) from the California Air Resources Board (CARB).
Civic Hybrid uses an Integrated Motor Assist hybrid system similar to Honda Insight. Civic Hybrid is only marketed in a sedan configuration.
Video Honda Civic Hybrid
First generation (2001-2005)
The Civic hybrid, based on the seventh generation Civic, was first introduced to the Japanese market in December 2001. Honda claimed it was the most fuel-efficient 5-passenger gasoline production vehicle in the world at the time. It was introduced to the US in spring 2002 as a 2003 model year. It is the first hybrid vehicle certified as an Advanced Technology Zero-Emission Vehicle (AT-PZEV) from CARB.
Design
The first generation of Honda Civic Hybrid is based on the seventh generation Honda Civic. It was the first mainstream vehicle from Honda equipped with a gasoline-electric hybrid system and became the company's second hybrid model after Insight. Models with manual transmission rated city 46 mpg -US (5.1Ã, L/100Ã, km; 55 mpg -imp )/highway 51 mpg -US (4.6 L/100 km; 61 mpg -imp ) according to the estimated mileage of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), about the same mileage combination as the Toyota Prius, and becoming the most numerous five-passenger fuel-efficient sedans ever sold in North America at the time.
The following is a list of technical features:
- The twin plugs illuminate a mixture of air fuel delivered to the combustion chamber of two valves.
- 1.3 liter single overhead cam i-dsi internal combustion engine without combustion with VTEC Cylinder Cut-off System, which allows three cylinders to switch off during deceleration. The engine produces 85 hp (63 kW) at 5,700 rpm and torque of 87Ã, lb? Ft (118Ã, N? M) at 3300 rpm.
- Unemployed stop - when stopping at a traffic light, the engine turns off automatically, then restarts immediately when the driver releases the foot from the brakes, contributing to greater fuel efficiency and lower emissions.
- 10Ã, kW (13Ã, hp) brushless, permanent magnets help the motor, which functions as a generator during battery recharging decelerations (regenerative braking).
- The combined output of engines and electric motors is 93 hp (69 kW) at 5,700 rpm. Maximum torque rated 116 lb? Ft (157Ã, N? M) at 1,500 rpm for the manual transmission model and 105 lb ft (142 N N m) at 3,000 rpm for the CVT model.
- 144 V Nickel-metal hydride batteries with a capacity of 6.0 AÃ, Â · h.
- Honda Multimatic S continuously variable transmission or 5-speed manual transmission.
- ULEV or AT-PZEV certification by California Air Resources Board (CARB).
- Low rolling resistance tires (P185/70R14) on aluminum wheels and regenerative braking.
- Electric steering wheel.
The electric motor is sandwiched between a gasoline engine and transmission, providing up to 13 horsepower. The motor also serves as a generator, to recharge the nickel-metal hydride battery of the car located between the rear seat and the trunk, and as the starter motor.
The motor in the Civic hybrid is about a quarter inch (6.4 mm) thicker than the Insight. Through an improvement on the magnetic coils of the DC brushless motor, it achieves 30 percent greater assist and regenerative torque than the previous model without increasing the size.
This generates more torque (46 versus 36 pound-feet) than the motor in Insight. The electricity is stored in batteries consisting of 120 1.2-volt Ni-MH D-cell cables in series. The battery can charge and discharge more quickly and efficiently even though the total capacity is reduced from the Insight (6.0 versus 6.5 AH). The efficiency of the battery module increases, through the reduction of energy loss. Batteries are stored with an electrical controller in a package called Intelligent Power Unit (IPU). The new packaging reduces the size of the system by up to 50 percent and allows IMA equipment to be placed behind the rear seats in the trunk. This unit weighs only 63 pounds (29 kg) and one third smaller than the Insight.
Two spark plugs in each cylinder can be lit sequentially or simultaneously, allowing more efficient combustion during lean-burn mode and more frequent lean-burn operations. The engine can operate on a 22: 1 air-to-fuel ratio that is over 60 percent of the time on a flat road. The idle VTEC cylinder system of the engine closes the valve in three of the four cylinders when the car slows down, reduces power loss to the engine by 50 percent, and allows IMA to extract more electrical energy during braking. The swing arm that operates the inlet and exhaust valves has two modes: lift-up or lift mode. They are involved through piston synchronization. During deceleration, the synchronous piston releases the lift-mode rocker arm so that the valve remains stationary, effectively sealing the cylinder.
The standby stop feature turns off the engine automatically when it stops, then restarts immediately when the driver removes their legs from the brakes. This automatic idle shutdown system contributes to greater fuel efficiency and lower emissions. During the stop and go driving, the engine will die when the car stops for the first time, however, if the car does not go above 10 mph (16 km/h) and stop again, the machine will not die unless the car stops for more than 15 seconds.
With the help of an electric motor, the combined torque below 3,700 rpm is larger than that available from a 1.7-liter non-hybrid Civic engine.
Fuel efficiency is enhanced further by six percent by utilizing: new front air dams and rear spoiler, together with revised body bottom panels, reducing barrier coefficients from 0.30 to 0.28; replacing traditional power steering with power output as a reduction of parasitic losses and lower specific rolling resistance tires. Dunlop Tires improve ride quality and reduce road noise compared to other hybrids such as Insight and Prius. When compared to Insight, wider tires improve stability at highway speeds. Car and Driver reported that the car can accelerate from 0-60 mph (0-97 km/h) in 10.9 seconds.
Fuel economy
The Civic hybrid is estimated to have 40 percent more fuel efficiency than non-hybrid partners.
Awards and acknowledgments
- The Civic Hybrid engine won the "1 liter to 1.4 liter" category award category for three consecutive years from 2002 to 2004 and the category "Best Fuel Economy" for 2003 and 2004.
- 2003 recognized by the American Council for Energy-Saving Economy among ten Green Vehicles: tied for the third best score with Toyota Prius
Small Design Change
There was a slight refreshment of design between 2003 and 2004 that affected the front and rear bumpers, lampshades and heads. In the interior, the center console replaces the driver's armrest and the rear seat has an adjustable headrest. Second generation (2006-2011) Second generation >
The second generation Civic Hybrid is based on the eighth generation Civic. Like other Civics, there are some stylistic differences on the exterior between the North American and Japanese market models.
Design
The second generation hybrid powertrain Civic is similar to the first generation.
Here is a list of major changes:
- Updated for fourth generation Integrated Motor Assist (IMA)
- The electric motor is more powerful than 20Ã, hp (15 kW)
- 158.4 V (132 x 1.2 V) Nickel metal hydride battery with a capacity of 5.5 AÃ, h which is 12% smaller.
- Updated the three stages of i-VTEC and VCM (Variable Cylinder Management), which enables the disabling of all four cylinders while sailing at medium speed to run only with electrical power. Engine output was increased to 93 hp (69 kW) at 6,000 rpm and maximum torque of up to 89 lb ft (121 N N m) at 4,500 rpm.
- The combined output of engines and motors is 110 hp (82 kW) at 6,000 rpm. Maximum torque is rated 123 lb? Ft (167Ã, N? M) at 2,500 rpm.
- New hybrid compressor for air conditioner.
- Continuously variable transmission provides a 9% wider range between maximum and minimum gear ratios for better acceleration and reduced engine rpm at high speeds.
- stop manual transmission option.
- The US EPA fuel economy estimate was raised to 49 mpg -US (4.8 L/100 km), highway 51 mpg -US (4.6 L/100 km). (In 2008: EPA revised the way to estimate fuel mileage, as a result, the EPA ratings for the 2008 model are: municipal 40 mpg -US (5.9Ã, L/100Ã, km), highway 45 mpg -US (5.2 L/100 km)).
- Updated to 15-inch lightweight aerodynamic wheels (later shown on the Civic DX-G in Canada as well).
- Certified as AT-PZEV in 50 states.
Using high performance magnets and high-density rolls, Honda is able to increase the electric motor power output by 50% to 20 hp (15 kW) at 2,000 rpm when compared to the first generation. An inverter that controls motor speed is integrated with ECU motors for more accurate control, resulting in better efficiency and fuel savings. The battery output increases by about 30 percent to 158.4 V. The battery storage box is designed for better cooling performance and vibration resistance to improve long-term reliability. The higher output of the electric motor allows the car to run on electricity alone, at 15 to 20 mph stable (24-32 km/h) when sailing on a flat surface.
The internal electric motor is added to the AC, so it can be powered by a machine, electric motor, or both. In the end, a battery-powered compressor keeps the cabin cool. Additional compressors powered by gasoline engines are also involved if rapid cooling is required. When the interior temperature is stable, the AC is supplied only by the battery. Once the brake pedal is lifted, the gasoline engine returns to life again.
The new three-stage valvesrain i-VTEC valves have low-speed, high rpm and cylinder modes. The high valve timing output helps the engine to increase its output by 9 percent. During deceleration, the machine stays silent. There is no combustion in all four cylinders and the cylinder is tightly closed, reducing the pumping losses by the engine. As a result, energy recovery that is wasted during braking is increased by up to 10 percent.
The digital display is inserted in the instrument dashboard showing how much electricity is being sent to the battery or how much is used. When the car brakes sufficiently, the maximum number of green LEDs turns on shows the recaptured energy. When the car brakes harder, conventional brakes are activated.
Car and Driver found the car, when compared to previous generations, is faster, offers greater refinement, is quieter at highway speeds, has a stiffer body and a revised suspension that handles bumps better and calm.
Fuel savings
It is estimated that, when compared to the only Civic sedan gasoline engine of 2006 with an automatic transmission, the Civic hybrid delivers improved fuel economy in the city driving about 63 percent and an increase in fuel economy on the highway driving about 27 percent. CVT transmission is designed to achieve the highest efficiency for the given RPM.
The class action suit filed in 2012 alleged that Honda misjudged the Civic Hybrid fuel economy and that the owners were getting much lower mileage. The Los Angeles Times reported in May 2012 that at least 36 minor lawsuits have also been filed against Honda over alleged false advertising from gas mileage.
Some users reported that the Civic Hybrid fuel economy was reduced after Honda installed a software update to extend the life of a hybrid battery by reducing the output of an electric motor and putting more dependence on the gasoline engine.
Battery life
The Consumer Reports survey found a very high battery failure rate in the Civic Hybrids 2nd Generation Civic Hybrids, describing the failure rate for the 2009-2010 model as "shocking", with more than 30% of respondents reporting they needed a replacement battery in the last 12 months. Honda acknowledged a problem with the 2006-2008 model that could cause the battery to "deteriorate and ultimately fail"; software updates are issued to extend battery life, but some owners report this update leading to reduced fuel economy and power. The NiMH 132 cell package suffers from an imbalance because individual cells can not be monitored or charged. Monitoring is available at the sub-packet level of 12 cells, but the charging is not. After many years/miles of use, cells become unbalanced when cells fill/dispose at a slightly different level from each other. Finally, the strong cells limit the capacity of the pack and the weaker cells limit the lower capacity of the pack so as to reduce the capacity that the pack can use. There is a higher capacity non-OEM package available for less than OEM, and many owners have achieved an extended battery life that can be used for years by utilizing grid chargers. Grid charger is an artificial or purchased home charger that connects your car to the power grid. This device provides a long and slow "balancing" charge in which all cells are gently charged to their maximum capacity. This can restore balance temporarily and dramatically increase the capacity that can be used for months at a time.
In March 2015, Honda sent owners 2009-2011 letter indicating that all versions, not just PHEV states, would get a 10 year/150,000 warranty on IMA batteries. Bulletin Reference Service # 15-006.
Market acceptance
Civic hybrid occupies the position as the second best-selling hybrid electric car in the US.
Ownership cost
Consumer Reports posted an article in April 2006 stating that hybrid vehicles will not pay for themselves for 5 years of ownership. However, there is an error in the calculation of depreciation for hybrid vehicles. This results in exaggerating how much extra hybrid money will harm its owner during the first five years of ownership. When corrected, the Honda Civic Hybrid does have a payback period of less than 5 years. In October 2010 Vincentric conducted a hybrid ownership cost analysis for the United States market. In this analysis comparing the cost of five-year hybrid ownership with their all-gas counterparts. Analysis shows that the 2010 Honda Civic Hybrid costs an additional $ 1830 more than the 2010 Honda Civic EX 2D Coupe with Automatic Transmission (reports assume 15,000 miles driven every year and fuel prices are based on weighted average for five months before October 2010).
In August 2010, Autoblog reported that a replacement battery for the Civic Hybrid sold for $ 2,100.
Other markets
The Civic hybrid was introduced to Malaysia in August 2007. Launched in China in November 2007 and in India in June 2008.
Motorsport
The Honda Civic Hybrid competed in 24 Hours NÃÆ'¼rburgring in 2007, completing 108 of 220 starting teams. The twenty-four hour race is held around the NÃÆ'¼rburgring, one of the most grueling courses in the world. Group N specification Honda Civic hybrid drove at Jim Clark rally and took the second in class.
Awards and acknowledgments
- 2006 North American Car of the Year, along with the rest of the Civic range
- 2006 Trend Car Awards for the Year, along with other Civic ranges.
- Canada Automotive Journalists Association 2006 (AJAC) Award for Alternative Electric Vehicles.
- World Green Car Winner 2006
Maps Honda Civic Hybrid
Third generation (2011-2015)
The Civic Hybrid was last launched in 2011 in the US and Canada as a 2012 model. It has a larger 1.5-liter i-VTEC engine that produces 90 horsepower and 97 pound-foot torque and lithium-ion batteries instead of nickel metal hydride. The larger engine replaces the 1.3-L engine for better mid-range torque. The permanent brushless DC magnet motor, which is placed between the engine and the continuous variable transmission, provides 17 kW (23 hp) and 78 pound-foot torque and weighs 0.7 kg (1.5 lb) less. Civic Hybrid 2012 has an EPA rating of 44 mpg -US (5.3 L/100 km; 53 mpg -imp ) for city and highway cycles, an increase of 40 mpg -US (5.9 L/100 km, 48 mpg -imp ) city and 43 mpg -US (5.5 L/100 km, 52 mpg -imp ) highway for previous generations.
The Civic Hybrid has the latest Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) parallel hybrid system, with a new 20 kW lithium-ion battery - the first for Honda hybrid vehicles. The new battery is 5 kW stronger, 9 kg (20 lb) lighter and takes up 36% less space. Battery capacity increases from 35 kAh to 100 kAh (4.5 Ah).
It comes with improved aerodynamics and Honda ECO Assist technology. ECO Assist Technology is an information system to help drivers adopt a more fuel-efficient driving style, and proven to improve fuel economy by about 10% for Honda hybrid vehicles in Japan.
Production
The Civic hybrid sedan production was transferred from Suzuka, Japan to Indiana, USA in early 2013, after the Acura ILX hybrid production began at the Indiana plant in April 2012, after the production capacity expanded to 250,000.
Sales
In February 2009, Honda reported that since 2001 they have sold more than 255,000 Civic Hybrids, including more than 190,000 units sold in North America. For a moment, the Civic Hybrid is the second best-selling hybrid electric car in the US.
It was reported that over 50,000 Civic Hybrids were sold in 2007 worldwide.
Legal action on mileage claim
In January 2012, Heather Peters earned $ 9,867 by commissioners of small claims the Los Angeles Superior Court after stating that her 2006 Civic Hybrid did not meet the manufacturer's advertised mileage claims.
Honda won an appeal against this decision when a judge ruled that the vehicle's fuel economy rating complied with the requirements of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and that the ratings were for the purpose of comparison between vehicles.
Consumers who buy or lease from 2003 to 2009 The Honda Civic Hybrid has until April 19, 2013 to claim cash payments and Rebate Certificate from the settlement of a class action lawsuit. However, Settlement Administrators have already begun reviewing the claims and began sending checks last month to them with validated claims.
In March 2012 Honda Canada issued a release promising to honor the completion of US class action with owners and tenants in Canada when it was completed in the United States. Until now there has been no follow-up to interested parties, but shortly after Honda released the class action launched in the courts of Quebec on behalf of Quebec and Canadian owners and tenants.
Termination
Honda announced that the Civic Hybrid will be discontinued after the 2015 model due to poor sales along with the Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid, the Honda Civic GX, and the Acura ILX Hybrid.
References
External links
- Civic Hybrid at Honda Worldwide
- Honda Civic Hybrid
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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