The atomic radius of a chemical element is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the outer shell of the electron. Since boundaries are not well-defined physical entities, there are various definitions of unequal radius of atoms. Depending on the definition, the term may apply only to isolated atoms, or to atoms in solid matter, covalently bound in molecules, or in ionized and excited states; and its value can be obtained through experimental measurements, or calculated from theoretical models. Under some definitions, the value of the radius can depend on the state and context of the atom.
The radius of the atom varies in a predictable way and can be described throughout the periodic table. For example, the radius is generally decreased to the right throughout each period (row) of the table, from alkali metal to noble gas; and raise each group (column). The radius increases sharply between the noble gases at the end of each period and the alkali metal at the beginning of the next period. The tendency of atomic radius (and various other chemical and physical properties of the elements) can be explained by the electron shell theory of atoms; they provide important evidence for the development and confirmation of quantum theory.
Video Atomic radii of the elements (data page)
Jari-jari atom
Note: All measurements are given in picometers (pm). For newer data on covalent radius, see Covalent radius.
Maps Atomic radii of the elements (data page)
See also
- The radius of the atom
- Convert radius (single, double and triple-bonded radius, up to superheavy elements.)
- Ionic radius
Note
- The radius of an atom is not a property that is uniquely defined and depends on the definition. Data originating from other sources with different assumptions can not be compared.
References
Data seperti dikutip di http://www.webelements.com/dari sumber-sumber ini:
Jari-jari atom (empiris)
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J.C. Slater (1964). "Radius Atom dalam Kristal". J. Chem. Phys . 41 : 3199. Bibcode: 1964JChPh..41.3199S. doi: 10.1063/1.1725697.
Jari-jari atom (dihitung)
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E. Clementi; D.L.Raimondi; W.P. Reinhardt (1967). "Konstanta Penyaringan Atom dari Fungsi SCF. II. Atom dengan 37 hingga 86 Elektron". J. Chem. Phys . 47 : 1300. Bibcode: 1967JChPh..47.1300C. doi: 10.1063/1.1712084.
Jari-jari Van der Waals
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A. Bondi (1964). "Van der Waals Volume dan Radii". J. Phys. Chem . 68 : 441. doi: 10.1021/j100785a001. -
M. Mantina; A.C. Chamberlin; R. Valero; C.J. Cramer; D.G. Truhlar (2009). "Konstan van der Waals Radii untuk Kelompok Utama Utuh". J. Phys. Chem. A . 113 (19): 5806-12. Kode Bib: 2009JPCA..113.5806M. doi: 10.1021/jp8111556. PMID 19382751.
Radius kovalen (ikatan tunggal)
More recent data can be found within a Covalent radius. The values ​​above are based on
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R.T. Sanderson (1962). Chemical Periodicity . New York, USA: Reinhold. - L.E. Sutton, ed. (1965). "Additional 1956-1959, special publication No. 18". Table of interatomic spacing and configuration in molecules and ions . London, UK: The Chemical Society.
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J.E. Huheey; E.A. Keiter & amp; R.L. Keiter (1993). Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity (4th ed.). New York, USA: HarperCollins. ISBN: 0-06-042995-X. - W.W. Porterfield (1984). Inorganic chemistry, integrated approach . Read Massachusetts, USA: Addison Wesley Publishing Co. ISBNÃ, 0-201-05660-7.
- A.M. James & amp; M.P. Lord (1992). Chemical and Physical Data Macmillan . MacMillan. ISBNÃ, 0-333-51167-0.
Three-fold covalent radius
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S. Riedel; P.PyykkÃÆ'¶, M. Patzschke; Patzschke, M (2005). "Triple-Bond Covalent Radii". Chem. Eur. J . 11 (12): 3511-3520. doi: 10.1002/chem.200401299. PMIDÃ, 15832398. Ã, Average deviation 3pm. - Triple-Bond Covalent Radii Desk online
Metallic radius
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